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Conditions Favoring the Reduction of Pesticides: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of EU Member States

Author

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  • Giulia Bazzan
  • Johanna Kuenzler
  • Colette S. Vogeler

Abstract

Pesticide use in agricultural production presents a significant sustainability challenge, balancing crop protection against environmental and health risks. While the EU pro‐vides a common regulatory framework, the implementation in the member states varies considerably. By means of a fsQCA we investigate the conditions for implementation success of pesticide reduction policies. Building on recent literature on differentiated policy implementation (DPI) in the EU, we examine the role of political parties, interest groups, and public salience. Our findings reveal four distinct pathways to successful pol‐icy implementation: (1) high public concern and green representation in parliament compensating for weak lobbying, (2) high‐capacity interest groups exploiting high pub‐lic concern even in unfavorable political climates, (3) coalitions of interest groups, green parliamentarians, and public concern driving implementation, and (4) high‐capacity interest groups compensating for low public and political support. We thereby contrib‐ute to an improved understanding of EU environmental policy implementation. El uso de pesticidas en la producción agrícola presenta un desafío significativo para la sostenibilidad, ya que busca equilibrar la protección de los cultivos con los riesgos ambientales y para la salud. Mediante un análisis de calidad de la calidad (fsQCA), investigamos los factores que influyen en la implementación de políticas de reducción de pesticidas en los estados miembros de la UE. Basándonos en la literatura reciente sobre implementación diferenciada de políticas (IPP) en la UE, examinamos el papel de los partidos políticos, los grupos de interés y la relevancia pública. Nuestros hallazgos revelan tres vías distintas para una implementación exitosa de políticas: (1) una alta preocupación pública que compensa la debilidad de los grupos de interés y la ausencia de un gobierno verde; (2) grupos de interés con gran capacidad que superan climas políticos desfavorables; y (3) coaliciones de grupos de interés, parlamentarios verdes y la preocupación pública que impulsan la implementación. De este modo, contribuimos a una mejor comprensión de la implementación de la política ambiental de la UE y destacamos la compleja interacción de los factores políticos nacionales en la determinación de los resultados de las políticas. 农业生产中的农药使用带来了重大的可持续性挑战,需要在作物保护与环境及健康风险之间寻求平衡。我们利用模糊集定性比较分析(fsQCA),调查了欧盟成员国农药减量政策实施的影响因素。基于近期有关欧盟差异化政策实施(DPI)的文献,我们分析了政党、利益集团和公众认知度的作用。我们的研究结果揭示了通往成功实施政策的三条不同途径:(1)公众的高度关注弥补了利益集团的弱势和绿色政府的缺失;(2)利益集团能力强,能够克服不利的政治环境;(3)利益集团、绿色议员和公众关注度组成的联盟推动政策实施。由此,我们加深了对欧盟环境政策实施的理解,并强调国内政治因素在影响政策结果方面的复杂相互作用。

Suggested Citation

  • Giulia Bazzan & Johanna Kuenzler & Colette S. Vogeler, 2025. "Conditions Favoring the Reduction of Pesticides: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis of EU Member States," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 42(6), pages 1480-1495, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:42:y:2025:i:6:p:1480-1495
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.70021
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