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Multi‐level governance in higher education quality assurance: Agencification and policy coordination in Spain

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  • Ana García‐Juanatey
  • Jacint Jordana
  • David Sancho

Abstract

This article aims to examine the emergence of a system of multi‐level governance in Higher Education quality assurance during recent decades in Spain, as a particular case within the European Space of Higher Education. Although there is a well‐established multi‐level structure in the governance of this area at the European level, it is not very common to find countries having an internal multi‐level configuration. Most countries have allocated quality assurance at the national level, either concentrating responsibilities into a single agency or allowing competition between accreditation bodies. Thus, the Spanish scenario stands out as very singular model for the governance of Higher Education quality assurance, deserving attention to comprehend the intricacies of its coordination. Here we examine its development over the last two decades, and discuss three factors that have shaped inter‐agencies' relations: first, the sequence of agency creation and their accumulated expertise; second, the role of institutional structures for multi‐level coordination; and third, informal practices related to inter‐governmental relations, and the influence of country administrative traditions. From discussing this case, this article identifies three key lessons for understanding agency relations in multilevel governance environments: first, path dependence significantly impacts‐regulatory interactions over time; second, the Administrative culture, particularly centralist traditions, considerably shapes relationships in multi‐level bodies; and, third, the coordination models in regulatory networks (hierarchical, network or market‐based) tend to reflect those underlying political dynamics. 本文旨在分析近几十年来西班牙高等教育质量保证中多层次治理体系的出现,将其作为欧洲高等教育空间内的一个特例。尽管欧洲层面在该领域的治理方面存在完善的多层次结构,但具有内部多层次配置的国家并不常见。大多数国家都在国家层面分配了质量保证,要么将责任集中到一个机构,要么允许认证机构之间进行竞争。因此,西班牙的情况是高等教育质量保证之治理的独特模式,值得研究以理解其协调的复杂性。本文中,我们分析了过去二十年西班牙高等教育质量保证的发展,并探讨了机构间关系的三个影响因素:第一,机构创建的顺序及其积累的专业知识;第二,制度结构对多层次协调的作用;第三,与“政府间关系”有关的非正式实践以及国家行政传统的影响。通过讨论该案例,本文得出了用于理解多层次治理环境中机构关系的三条关键经验:第一,路径依赖会随时间推移而显著影响监管互动;第二,行政文化,特别是集权传统,在很大程度上影响了多层机构中的关系;第三,监管网络(层级式、网络式、或基于市场)中的协调模式往往反映那些潜在的政治动态。 Este artículo tiene como objetivo examinar el surgimiento de un sistema de gobernanza multinivel en el aseguramiento de la calidad de la Educación Superior durante las últimas décadas en España, como un caso particular dentro del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Aunque existe una estructura multinivel bien establecida en la gobernanza de este ámbito a nivel europeo, no es muy común encontrar países que tengan una configuración multinivel interna. La mayoría de los países han asignado el aseguramiento de la calidad a nivel nacional, ya sea concentrando responsabilidades en una sola agencia o permitiendo la competencia entre organismos de acreditación. Así, el escenario español se perfila como un modelo muy singular de gobernanza de la garantía de la calidad de la Educación Superior, que merece atención para comprender los entresijos de su coordinación. Aquí examinamos su desarrollo durante las últimas dos décadas y discutimos tres factores que han dado forma a las relaciones entre agencias: primero, la secuencia de creación de las agencias y su experiencia acumulada; en segundo lugar, el papel de las estructuras institucionales para la coordinación multinivel; y tercero, las prácticas informales relacionadas con las relaciones intergubernamentales y la influencia de las tradiciones administrativas de los países. A partir de la discusión de este caso, este artículo identifica tres lecciones clave para comprender las relaciones de agencia en entornos de gobernanza multinivel: primero, la dependencia de la trayectoria impacta significativamente las interacciones regulatorias a lo largo del tiempo; en segundo lugar, la cultura administrativa, particularmente las tradiciones centralistas, moldea considerablemente las relaciones en organismos de múltiples niveles; y, tercero, los modelos de coordinación en las redes regulatorias (jerárquicas, de red o basadas en el mercado) tienden a reflejar las dinámicas políticas subyacentes.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana García‐Juanatey & Jacint Jordana & David Sancho, 2025. "Multi‐level governance in higher education quality assurance: Agencification and policy coordination in Spain," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 42(3), pages 530-551, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:42:y:2025:i:3:p:530-551
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12624
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