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Technological Distribution in Uganda: Information and Communications Technology and the State in an Eastern African Nation

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  • Warigia M. Bowman

Abstract

Information and communications technologies (ICTs) include old technologies—such as the radio and the television—as well as newer technologies—such as the Internet and wireless telephony. This study considers the process that the government of Uganda has used to adopt and implement ICT policy. This study also considers the techniques which the government of Uganda has used to distribute ICTS in public locations such as government offices, schools, and hospitals. In particular, this study attempts to consider the political motivations for distribution. The Ugandan government's attempt to distribute this technology reflects strengths in the area of distribution of artefacts, particularly to rural areas. Information and communications technologies are an important part of the Ugandan economy. In addition, ICTs strengthen the ability of citizens to communicate with each other across regional and language borders through shared access points. Methodologically, this paper uses the case study method. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with politicians, policy makers, civil society activists, citizens, academics, medical personnel, regional government officials, and business people. This paper argues that politicians use ICTs as a component of a basket of goods and services that they can distribute to witnessing publics. This paper argues that ICT should be viewed as a type of infrastructure, and that as a public good, it can be used as a “club” good or “pork.” Although several authors discuss the potential of ICTs as democratizing, this paper documents that the Ugandan government has employed ICTs in oppressive ways, including for the surveillance of opposition leaders, and for social control. 本研究考量了乌干达政府用于采纳和实施ICT政策、配置并分配信息通信技术(ICT)的过程。特别地,本研究试图考量这种分配背后的政治动机。乌干达政府就分配该技术所做的尝试反映了人工技术分配领域的优势,尤其是在农村地区。ICTs是乌干达经济中的重要组成部分。此外,ICTs通过共享接入点强化了公民在跨地区跨语言界限的情况下进行通信的能力。从方法论上讲,本文使用了案例研究法。对政客、决策者、公民社会活动人士、公民、学术人士、医疗人士、地区政府官员、商业人士进行了半结构化面谈。本文主张,政客将ICTs技术作为一篮子商品和服务的组成部分,通过分配这种技术来监视大众。本文认为,ICT应被视为一种基础设施类型,并且其作为一种公共物品,也可以被当做“俱乐部”物品或“猪肉”进行使用。此外,尽管不少文献探讨了ICTs在民主化方面的潜能,本文显示,乌干达政府用压迫性的方式使用ICTs,包括监视反对党领导人和进行社会控制 Este estudio considera el proceso que el gobierno de Uganda usó para adoptar e implementar la política de TIC y configurar y distribuir la tecnología de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC). En particular, este estudio intenta considerar las motivaciones políticas para la distribución. El intento del gobierno de Uganda de distribuir esta tecnología refleja las fortalezas en el área de distribución de artefactos, particularmente en las áreas rurales. Las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones son una parte importante de la economía de Uganda. Además, las TIC fortalecen la capacidad de los ciudadanos para comunicarse entre sí a través de las fronteras regionales y lingüísticas a través de puntos de acceso compartidos. Metodológicamente, este documento utiliza el método de estudio de caso. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas con políticos, formuladores de políticas, activistas de la sociedad civil, ciudadanos, académicos, personal médico, funcionarios del gobierno regional y empresarios. Este documento argumenta que los políticos usan las TIC como un componente de una canasta de bienes y servicios que pueden distribuir a los testigos públicos. Este documento argumenta que las TIC deben ser vistas como un tipo de infraestructura, y que como un bien público, pueden usarse como un "club" bueno o "cerdo". Además, aunque mucha literatura discute el potencial de las TIC como democratizadoras, Este documento documenta que el gobierno de Uganda ha empleado las TIC de manera opresiva, incluso para la vigilancia de los líderes de la oposición y para el control social.

Suggested Citation

  • Warigia M. Bowman, 2019. "Technological Distribution in Uganda: Information and Communications Technology and the State in an Eastern African Nation," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 36(6), pages 835-865, November.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:36:y:2019:i:6:p:835-865
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12358
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