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The States Come Marching In: Examining State Agency Influence on Federal Rules

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  • Jeffrey J. Cook

Abstract

Amidst congressional gridlock, administrative rulemaking is the main pathway for environmental policy making. Scholars have assessed the role of the institutions of government (the president, Congress, and the courts) and key interest groups (i.e., business and environmental interests) in shaping rulemaking outcomes. What is missing from this literature is an assessment of the role of key implementers, state environmental agencies. This research fills this gap by assessing the role and impact of state government agencies in three case studies of rulemaking at the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Based on original interviews and a public comment analysis, this research suggests that state agencies play an active and influential role in EPA rulemaking. And, in some cases, state agencies wield more influence than other interest groups. Interviewees argued that this influence stems from these agencies’ unique voice as an implementation collaborator. As a result, researchers should incorporate an assessment of the role of these interests to more effectively explain regulatory outcomes at the EPA and potentially across the bureaucracy. 国家机构入场:检验国家机构对联邦规则的影响 国会困顿之际,行政规则制定是环境政策制定的主要途径。学者已评估了政府机构(总统、国会和法院)和关键利益团体(即商业利益和环境利益)在影响规则制定结果时产生的作用。然而文献中并未提及对关键执行者(即国家环境机构)的作用进行评估。本文则填补了这一研究空白——通过评估国家政府机构在三个有关环境保护局(EPA)规则制定的案例研究中产生的作用。基于原创访问和一项公共评论分析,本文认为,国家机构在EPA规则制定过程中扮演了活跃和具有影响力的角色。同时,在部分案例中,国家机构产生的影响大于其他利益团体。受访者认为,这种影响力源于国家机构作为执行合作者的独特话语权。结果则是,研究者应将这些利益所产生的作用进行评估,以更有效地解释EPA的监管结果,以及官僚机构之间潜在的监管结果。 Los estados vienen marchando: examinando la influencia de las agencias estatales en las reglas federales En medio de un estancamiento en el Congreso, la reglamentación administrativa es la principal vía para la formulación de políticas ambientales. Los académicos han evaluado el papel de las instituciones gubernamentales (el presidente, el Congreso y los tribunales) y los grupos de interés clave (es decir, los intereses comerciales y ambientales) en la configuración de los resultados de la reglamentación. Lo que falta en esta literatura es una evaluación del papel de los implementadores clave, las agencias estatales del medio ambiente. Esta investigación llena este vacío al evaluar el papel y el impacto de las agencias del gobierno estatal en tres estudios de caso de reglamentación en la Agencia de Protección Ambiental (EPA). Basado en entrevistas originales y en un análisis de comentarios públicos, esta investigación sugiere que las agencias estatales desempeñan un papel activo e influyente en la reglamentación de la EPA. Y, en algunos casos, las agencias estatales ejercen más influencia que otros grupos de interés. Los entrevistados argumentaron que esta influencia se debe a la voz única de estas agencias como un colaborador de implementación. Como resultado, los investigadores deben incorporar una evaluación del papel de estos intereses para explicar de manera más efectiva los resultados regulatorios en la EPA y potencialmente en toda la burocracia.

Suggested Citation

  • Jeffrey J. Cook, 2019. "The States Come Marching In: Examining State Agency Influence on Federal Rules," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 36(3), pages 378-394, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:378-394
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12334
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