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On the Front Lines of Implementing Environmental Regulation: The Perspective of the Regulated Community in Montana

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  • Sara Rinfret
  • Michelle C. Pautz

Abstract

Although discussions about environmental policy often focus on the federal level of decision making and action in the United States, implementation occurs predominately at the state level. The individuals largely responsible for implementation are the state regulators and members of the regulated community as they constitute the front lines in environmental regulation. Much of the existing research on regulatory interactions investigates the regulatory enforcement styles of regulators and the compliance motivations of firms. It is equally important to consider the perceptions and actual experiences of regulated community members. To examine this perspective, this exploratory study utilizes a mail survey to investigate the perceptions and experiences of members of the regulated community in Montana. The survey respondents report positive and cooperative interactions with environmental regulators. This survey provides much†needed insight into the perspectives of some members of the regulated community, challenging traditional viewpoints that the regulated community is hostile toward regulation, and promotes adversarial relationships with regulators. Accordingly, this research encourages debate about the fundamental assumptions surrounding the interactions of regulators and the regulated community in U.S. environmental policy.è®ºè’™å¤§æ‹¿å·žå®žæ–½çŽ¯å¢ƒç›‘ç®¡çš„ç¬¬ä¸€çº¿ï¼šå —ç®¡åˆ¶ç¤¾åŒºçš„è§†è§’ å°½ç®¡å…³äºŽçŽ¯å¢ƒæ”¿ç­–çš„è®¨è®ºæ—¶å¸¸è šç„¦äºŽç¾Žå›½è ”é‚¦å†³ç­–å’Œè¡ŒåŠ¨, ä½†æ”¿ç­–çš„å®žæ–½ä¸»è¦ å ‘ç”Ÿåœ¨å „å·žã€‚å¯¹æ”¿ç­–å®žæ–½è´Ÿæœ‰å¤§å¤šæ•°è´£ä»»çš„ä¸ªä½“åˆ™æ˜¯å·žç«‹ç›‘ç®¡æœºæž„å’Œå —ç®¡åˆ¶ç¤¾åŒºçš„æˆ å‘˜, å› ä¸ºä»–ä»¬ç»„æˆ äº†çŽ¯å¢ƒç›‘ç®¡çš„ç¬¬ä¸€çº¿ã€‚å…³äºŽç›‘ç®¡äº’åŠ¨çš„çŽ°æœ‰ç ”ç©¶å¤šæ•°è°ƒæŸ¥äº†ç›‘ç®¡æœºæž„çš„ç›‘ç®¡æ‰§è¡Œæ–¹å¼ å’Œå…¬å ¸çš„ä¾ ä»ŽåŠ¨æœºã€‚å Œæ ·é‡ è¦ çš„æ˜¯, éœ€è¦ è€ƒé‡ å —ç®¡åˆ¶ç¤¾åŒºæˆ å‘˜çš„è§‚å¿µå’Œå®žé™…ç» éªŒã€‚ä¸ºæ£€éªŒè¿™ä¸€è§†è§’, æœ¬æ–‡è¿›è¡Œäº†æŽ¢ç´¢æ€§ç ”ç©¶â€”â€”é€šè¿‡é‚®ä»¶è°ƒæŸ¥æ ¥ç ”ç©¶è’™å¤§æ‹¿å·žå —ç®¡åˆ¶ç¤¾åŒºæˆ å‘˜çš„è§‚å¿µå’Œç» åŽ†ã€‚æŽ¥å —æ­¤è°ƒæŸ¥çš„å —è®¿è€…ä¸ŽçŽ¯å¢ƒç›‘ç®¡æœºæž„äº§ç”Ÿäº†ç§¯æž çš„å ˆä½œäº’åŠ¨ã€‚æ­¤è°ƒæŸ¥é’ˆå¯¹å —ç®¡åˆ¶ç¤¾åŒºéƒ¨åˆ†æˆ å‘˜è§†è§’æ ä¾›äº†è®¸å¤šéœ€è¦ çš„è§ è§£, æŒ‘æˆ˜äº†ä¼ ç»Ÿçš„è§‚ç‚¹â€”â€”å ³å —ç®¡åˆ¶ç¤¾åŒºå¯¹ç›‘ç®¡æŒ æ•Œå¯¹æ€ åº¦, 且推动与监管机构间的对立关系。相应地, æœ¬æ–‡é¼“åŠ±å¯¹é‡ è¦ æŽ¨æµ‹è¿›è¡Œè¾©è®º, å Žè€…å›´ç»•ç¾Žå›½çŽ¯å¢ƒæ”¿ç­–ä¸­ç›‘ç®¡æœºæž„å’Œå —ç®¡åˆ¶ç¤¾åŒºé—´çš„äº’åŠ¨ã€‚En la primera línea de la implementación de la regulación ambiental en montana: la perspectiva de la comunidad regulada A pesar de que las discusiones acerca de la política ambiental se enfoquen más que todo en el nivel federal del proceso de toma de decisiones y acción en los EE.UU., la implementación ocurre predominantemente a nivel estatal. Los individuos que son mayoritariamente responsables por la implementación son los reguladores estatales y los miembros de la comunidad regulada, por lo que constituyen la primera línea de la regulación ambiental. Mucha de la investigación existente acerca de las interacciones regulatorias investiga los estilos de ejecución de los reguladores y las motivaciones para el cumplimiento por parte de las compañías. Es igualmente importante considerar las percepciones y las experiencias actuales de los miembros de las comunidades reguladas. Para examinar esta perspectiva, este estudio exploratorio utiliza una encuesta enviada por correo para investigar las percepciones y experiencias de los miembros de la comunidad regulada en Montana. Los participantes de la encuesta reportan interacciones positivas y cooperación con los reguladores ambientales. Esta encuesta proporciona información detallada vital de las perspectivas de algunos miembros de la comunidad regulada, desafiando puntos de vista tradicionales que la comunidad regulada es hostil contra la regulación, y que promueve relaciones adversariales con sus reguladores. Asimismo, esta investigación fomenta el debate acerca de las premisas fundamentales que rodean las interacciones con los reguladores y la comunidad regulada en la política ambiental estadounidense.

Suggested Citation

  • Sara Rinfret & Michelle C. Pautz, 2018. "On the Front Lines of Implementing Environmental Regulation: The Perspective of the Regulated Community in Montana," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 35(3), pages 422-438, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:422-438
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12290
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    Cited by:

    1. Stuart Shapiro & Debra Borie-Holtz, 2020. "Small business response to regulation: incorporating a behavioral perspective," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 7(1), pages 1-9, December.
    2. Helle Ørsted Nielsen & Vibeke Lehmann Nielsen, 2023. "Different encounter behaviors: Businesses in encounters with regulatory agencies," Regulation & Governance, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(1), pages 61-82, January.

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