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Why Pick on Us? Environmental INGOs and State Shaming as a Strategic Substitute

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  • Amanda Murdie
  • Johannes Urpelainen

Abstract

type="main"> Why do international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) ‘name and shame’ the countries that they do? Do they target states that provide domestic groups with political opportunities to collaborate with INGOs, or do they target states that repress domestic activism? Focusing on the case of the environment, we test the empirical validity of these competing hypotheses. We find that environmental INGOs target countries as a substitute for national political institutions that encourage domestic activism or a lack of environmental institutions. This is in contrast to a ‘strategic complementarity’ approach, where INGOs would target ‘easy’ countries in which domestic institutions would bolster the effectiveness of international shaming. Using a novel data set of environmental INGO shaming by over 2,000 organizations, we find support for the strategic substitution approach: INGOs shame autocratic regimes and those countries that lack environmental ministries. This article offers insight into the strategies that INGOs use to shape state behavior.

Suggested Citation

  • Amanda Murdie & Johannes Urpelainen, 2015. "Why Pick on Us? Environmental INGOs and State Shaming as a Strategic Substitute," Political Studies, Political Studies Association, vol. 63(2), pages 353-372, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:polstu:v:63:y:2015:i:2:p:353-372
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    File URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/1467-9248.12101
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    Cited by:

    1. Simone Dietrich & Amanda Murdie, 2017. "Human rights shaming through INGOs and foreign aid delivery," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 12(1), pages 95-120, March.
    2. Sam R. Bell & K. Chad Clay & Amanda Murdie, 2019. "Join the Chorus, Avoid the Spotlight: The Effect of Neighborhood and Social Dynamics on Human Rights Organization Shaming," Journal of Conflict Resolution, Peace Science Society (International), vol. 63(1), pages 167-193, January.
    3. Sara Kahn-Nisser, 2019. "When the targets are members and donors: Analyzing inter-governmental organizations’ human rights shaming," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 431-451, September.
    4. Rochelle Terman & Erik Voeten, 2018. "The relational politics of shame: Evidence from the universal periodic review," The Review of International Organizations, Springer, vol. 13(1), pages 1-23, March.
    5. Sara Kahn‐Nisser, 2022. "Contextualizing Donors’ Interests: The United Nations’ Shaming of the United States’ Trade Partners," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 13(1), pages 48-61, February.

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