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Experimente In Der Ökonomie Und Wirtschaftshistorische Erfahrung

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  • Peter Stolz

Abstract

In diesem Aufsatz werden Laborexperimente und Feldversuche in der ökonomie mit der Vorstellung von der Geschichte als einer Art Laboratorium von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft in Verbindung gebracht. Diese Verknüpfung ist keineswegs willkürlich. Die Wirtschaftsgeschichte bringt nämlich von Zeit zu Zeit Situationen hervor, die durch die mehr oder weniger isolierte Variation einer Grösse Zusammenhänge wie von selbst transparent machen und damit Experimenten recht ähnlich sehen. Ist auch die Kontrolle der ≪Versuchsbedingungen≫ in wirtschaftshistorischen Quasiexperimenten weniger gut möglich als in der experimentellen Wirtschaftsforschung, so hält demgegenüber die Wirtschafts geschichte die realitätsnäheren Aufschlüsse bereit. Die betrachteten methodischen Ansätze werden jeweils durch empirische Fallstudien illustriert – etwa zum Thema ≪Kollektivgut und Trittbrettfahrerverhalten≫. This paper links laboratory and field experiments in economics with the idea of history as a kind of laboratory for political economy. This link is justified by the occasional appearance in economic history of situations that show, by isolating the effect of a variable, quasi‐experimental characteristics. Whereas controlling ‘test conditions’ in economic history is much more difficult than in experimental economics, historical information has the advantage of being culled from real life. The discussion of methods is illustrated throughout by samples of empirical research – on public goods and the free rider problem, for instance. Cet essai traite les recherches expérimentales en science économique de mȩme que l'idée de l'histoire économique ressemblant ȩ un laboratoire pour l'économic politique. La relation entre ces deux méthodes est plus étroite qu'on ne croit, car de temps en temps en histoire économique des situations apparaissent qu'on peut bien désigner comme quasi‐expérimentales. Il est beaucoup moins probable que la condition de ceteris paribus soit accomplie en histoire économique que dans des expériences planifiées, mais l'histoire a l'avantage de fournir des données empiriques plus proches ȩ la vie quotidienne. Les méthodes citées sont illustrées par un choix de recherches empiriques, par exemple stir les biens collectifs et le problème du free rider.

Suggested Citation

  • Peter Stolz, 1981. "Experimente In Der Ökonomie Und Wirtschaftshistorische Erfahrung," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(1), pages 72-94, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:kyklos:v:34:y:1981:i:1:p:72-94
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6435.1981.tb02654.x
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