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The Fluctuations Of The Price Of Italian Banknotes In Zurich: An Econometric Analysis (February 1973 – December 1975)

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  • Giuseppe Tullio*

Abstract

The paper contains empirical tests of the monetary approach to exchange rate determination for the price of Italian banknotes in terms of Swiss francs quoted in Zürich. The exchange rate was chosen because it is less influenced by government intervention than the official rate. In addition, there is little reverse causation between the chosen exchange rate and its explanatory variables due to the small size of the market analyzed. The tests indicate that the exchange rate analyzed adjusted in only two months to relative rates of monetary expansion between Italy and Switzerland. This fast adjustment is not implausible considering that the market involves to a large extent illegal capital outflows from Italy. Since data on monetary aggregates are published on average with a lag of about two months, he tests do not exclude that the market considered was efficient in a semi‐strong form. The price of Italian banknotes in Zürich was also significantly affected by relative inflationary expectations and by seasonal factors connected with the inflow of foreign tourists to Italy. Die Arbeit testet ökonometrisch die monetäre Theorie der Wechselkurse für den Kurs italienischer Banknoten in Zürich. Der Gebrauch dieses an Stelle des offiellen Wechselkurses hat zwei Vorteile: erstens wird er durch die Interventionen der Zentralbanken Italiens and der Schweiz weniger stark beeinflusst; zweitens oestehen praktisch keine Rückkoppelungseffekte (reverse causation) zwischen dem Wechselkurs and seinen Bestimmungsgrössen, weil der Markt für italienische anknoten in Zürich relativ klein ist. Die Tests zeigen, dass rich der analysierte Wechselkurs schon nach ungefähr zwei Monaten an die monetäe Entwicklung Italiens and der Schweiz anpasste. Diese schnelle Anpassung ist nicht unplausibel, denn der illegale Kapitalexport aus Italien hat oft in Form von Banknoten stattgefunden. Wenn man bedenkt, dass die Geldmengengrössen im Durchschnitt mit ungefähr zwei Monaten Verspätung veröffentlicht werden, schliessen die Tests nicht aus, dass der Markt für italienische Banknoten in Zürich nach Markteffizienzkriterien fast effizient ist (semi‐strong efficiency). Der Preis für italienische Banknoten in Zürich wurde, der Theorie entsprechend, auch durch die Inflationserwartungen in den zwei Ländern beeinflusst. Schliesslich erwiesen sich saisonale Einflüsse, bedingt durch Touristenströme, als signifikant. Cet article présente une analyse économétrique de la théorie monétaire des taux de change appliquée au prix des billets de banque italiens à Zurich. On a préféré de choisir ce taux de change à la place du taux officiel parce qu'il est moins influencé par les interventions des banques centrales. En outre, il n'y a presque pas de causalité bidirectionnelle (reverse causation) entre le change choisi et ses principales variables explicatives car le marché en question est relativement restreint. L'analyse économétrique indique que le taux de change a suivi les expansions monétaires de la Suisse et de l'Italie en l'espace d'environ deux mois. Une adaptation si rapide du taux de change n'est pas surprenante étant donné qu'il y a souvent eu en Italie des fuites illégales de capitaux sous forme de transports de billets de banque. Il faut également tenir compte du fait que les données monétaires sont publiées en moyenne avec un retard de deux mois; les tests économétriques n'excluent donc pas l'hypothese que le marché analysé est semi‐efficace dins le sens de la théorie des marchés efficaces (semi‐strong efficiency). De plus, le prix des billets de banque italiens à Zurich a aussi subi l'influence des taux d'inflation des deux pays comme le prévoit la théorie monetaire et enfin le tourisme étranger en Italie a eu une influence saisonnière en faveur de la lire.

Suggested Citation

  • Giuseppe Tullio*, 1978. "The Fluctuations Of The Price Of Italian Banknotes In Zurich: An Econometric Analysis (February 1973 – December 1975)," Kyklos, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(3), pages 462-474, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:kyklos:v:31:y:1978:i:3:p:462-474
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6435.1978.tb00652.x
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