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Agent Employment Horizons and Contracting Demand for Forward‐Looking Performance Measures

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  • Shane S. Dikolli

Abstract

In this paper, the principal rewards an agent’s farsighted effort both in the short and long term, with the short‐term reward based on a noisy, forward‐looking performance measure and the long‐term reward based on a potentially less noisy, trailing performance measure. The main result is that optimal contracting weights depend on the agent’s employment time horizon: the shorter the agent’s employment horizon the greater the emphasis on the forward‐looking performance measure and vice versa. This implies that contracting on forward‐looking performance measures can be valuable in mitigating any adverse long‐term effects of employees myopically focusing on short‐term trailing performance measures.

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  • Shane S. Dikolli, 2001. "Agent Employment Horizons and Contracting Demand for Forward‐Looking Performance Measures," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(3), pages 481-494, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:joares:v:39:y:2001:i:3:p:481-494
    DOI: 10.1111/1475-679X.00024
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    Cited by:

    1. Margaret A. Abernethy & Jan Bouwens & Laurence Van Lent, 2013. "The Role of Performance Measures in the Intertemporal Decisions of Business Unit Managers," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(3), pages 925-961, September.
    2. Sunil Dutta & Stefan Reichelstein, 2003. "Leading Indicator Variables, Performance Measurement, and Long‐Term Versus Short‐Term Contracts," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(5), pages 837-866, December.
    3. Michal Matv{e}jka & Kenneth A. Merchant & Wim A. Van der Stede, 2009. "Employment Horizon and the Choice of Performance Measures: Empirical Evidence from Annual Bonus Plans of Loss-Making Entities," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 55(6), pages 890-905, June.
    4. Florin c{S}abac, 2007. "Dynamic Agency with Renegotiation and Managerial Tenure," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(5), pages 849-864, May.
    5. Cohen, Shira & Kadach, Igor & Ormazabal, Gaizka & Reichelstein, Stefan, 2022. "Executive compensation tied to ESG performance: International evidence," ZEW Discussion Papers 22-051, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    6. Dutta, Sunil & Reichelstein, Stefan J., 2004. "Stock Price, Earnings and Book Value in Managerial Performance Measures," Research Papers 1873, Stanford University, Graduate School of Business.
    7. Khim Ong Kelly, 2007. "Feedback and Incentives on Nonfinancial Value Drivers: Effects on Managerial Decision Making," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(2), pages 523-556, June.
    8. Dhinu Srinivasan & Alex Thevaranjan, 2016. "The role of non-financial measures in controlling myopic activities: the case of hard selling," International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance Evaluation, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 12(2), pages 103-130.
    9. Asher Curtis & Valerie Li & Paige H. Patrick, 2021. "The use of adjusted earnings in performance evaluation," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 26(4), pages 1290-1322, December.
    10. Qintao Fan & Wei Li, 2018. "Leading indicator variables and managerial incentives in a dynamic agency setting," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 1715-1753, December.
    11. Jörg Budde, 2007. "Performance Measure Congruity and the Balanced Scorecard," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(3), pages 515-539, June.
    12. Kroos, P., 2009. "The incentive effects of performance measures and target setting," Other publications TiSEM 944001f9-198b-4b81-8824-3, Tilburg University, School of Economics and Management.
    13. Shane Dikolli & Igor Vaysman, 2006. "Contracting on the Stock Price and Forward-Looking Performance Measures," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(4), pages 445-464.
    14. Dirk E. Black & Ervin L. Black & Theodore E. Christensen & Kurt H. Gee, 2022. "Comparing Non-GAAP EPS in Earnings Announcements and Proxy Statements," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(2), pages 1353-1377, February.
    15. Michael J. Petersen, 2007. "Using Downstream Revenue in a Performance Measurement System," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(4), pages 1193-1215, December.

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