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The Provisions on Closer Co‐operation in the Treaty of Amsterdam: The Politics of Flexibility in the European Union

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  • Eric Philippart
  • Geoffrey Edwards

Abstract

The provisions on closer co‐operation are the main conceptual and procedural innovation introduced by the Treaty of Amsterdam. This article examines the philosophy of the new system through a systematic review of the methods and the underlying principles. It then discusses the meaning and implications of this general mechanism of flexibility for the EU integration process.

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Philippart & Geoffrey Edwards, 1999. "The Provisions on Closer Co‐operation in the Treaty of Amsterdam: The Politics of Flexibility in the European Union," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(1), pages 87-108, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jcmkts:v:37:y:1999:i:1:p:87-108
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-5965.00151
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    Cited by:

    1. Kene Boun My & Alban Verchere & Stephane Bertrand, 2009. "Does Bilateralism Foster Co‐operation in Europe? An Experimental Approach of Comparative Merits of Bilateralism and Multilateralism," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(4), pages 891-910, September.
    2. Kene Boun My & Alban Verchere & Stephane Bertrand, 2009. "Does Bilateralism Foster Co‐operation in Europe? An Experimental Approach of Comparative Merits of Bilateralism and Multilateralism," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(4), pages 891-910, September.
    3. Kubin Tomasz, 2017. "Enhanced Cooperation, EMU Reforms and Their Implications for Differentiation in the European Union," TalTech Journal of European Studies, Sciendo, vol. 7(2), pages 84-106, October.
    4. Frank Schimmelfennig & Thomas Winzen, 2014. "Instrumental and Constitutional Differentiation in the European Union," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52(2), pages 354-370, March.

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