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Navigating New Terrain: Domestic Geographical Dispersion and IPO Survival in the United States

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  • Dimitrios Gounopoulos
  • Chen Huang
  • Yu Zhang

Abstract

Using a text‐based measure to capture firms’ domestic geographic diversification within the United States, this study finds that newly listed firms with extensive geographic dispersion face an elevated risk of failure. This vulnerability is especially pronounced in industries dominated by soft information environments, where effective oversight is more difficult to achieve. However, several factors can mitigate this risk. Dispersed initial public offering (IPO) firms that are headquartered in metropolitan areas, maintain a higher proportion of operations in neighboring states, or benefit from strong external governance exhibit a greater likelihood of survival. These findings support the view that geographic dispersion intensifies information asymmetry and agency conflicts, which can divert managerial attention and undermine decision‐making effectiveness, ultimately increasing the likelihood of failure in the post‐IPO period.

Suggested Citation

  • Dimitrios Gounopoulos & Chen Huang & Yu Zhang, 2026. "Navigating New Terrain: Domestic Geographical Dispersion and IPO Survival in the United States," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 53(1), pages 352-379, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:jbfnac:v:53:y:2026:i:1:p:352-379
    DOI: 10.1111/jbfa.70020
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