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Product market competition and earnings management: A firm†level analysis

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  • Guifeng Shi
  • Jianfei Sun
  • Li Zhang

Abstract

In this paper, we employ a firm†level measure of product market competition constructed from the textual analysis of firms’ 10†K filings to examine the relationship between managers’ perceived competition pressure and earnings management. We find that accounting irregularities and accrual†based earnings management are positively related to product market competition. This finding is consistent with the notion that competition pressure increases managerial incentives to manage earnings, due to their career concerns. We also find that real earnings management is negatively related to product market competition. This finding suggests that real earnings management involves actions that decrease firms’ competitiveness and thus is costly for firms confronted with high competition pressure.

Suggested Citation

  • Guifeng Shi & Jianfei Sun & Li Zhang, 2018. "Product market competition and earnings management: A firm†level analysis," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(5-6), pages 604-624, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jbfnac:v:45:y:2018:i:5-6:p:604-624
    DOI: 10.1111/jbfa.12300
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    1. Jairaj Gupta & Narendra Nath Kushwaha & Xia Li & Tahera Ebrahimi, 2025. "Does firm-level political risk influence earnings management?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 64(3), pages 1165-1198, April.
    2. Xia, Xiaoxue & Xiao, Yao, 2023. "Firm-level perception of competition and innovation: Textual evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    3. Mahmoud Delshadi & Mahmoud Hosseinniakani & Zabihollah Rezaee, 2023. "Does options trading deter real activities manipulation?," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 61(2), pages 673-699, August.
    4. Cheng, Jie & Huang, Dan & Wu, Yanling, 2023. "Managerial perception on competition and strategic R&D decisions1," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    5. Wang, Tracy Yue & Winton, Andrew, 2021. "Industry informational interactions and corporate fraud," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    6. Li, Tianpei (Constance) & Walton, Stephanie, 2023. "Is there a dark side of competition? Product market competition and auditor-client contracting," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 62(C).
    7. Ahsan Habib & Dinithi Ranasinghe & Julia Yonghua Wu & Pallab Kumar Biswas & Fawad Ahmad, 2022. "Real earnings management: A review of the international literature," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(4), pages 4279-4344, December.
    8. Pallab Kumar Biswas & Dinithi Ranasinghe & Eric K. M. Tan, 2023. "Impact of product market competition on real activity manipulation: Moderating role of managerial ability," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(1), pages 247-275, March.
    9. Wajih Abbassi & Sabri Boubaker & Wael Louhichi, 2024. "Why do corporate social responsibility‐oriented companies opt for bond debt? Evidence from crisis periods," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(2), pages 1534-1568, April.
    10. Hsiao‐Wen Wang & Hsin‐Yu Chen & Shu‐Hsing Li, 2023. "R&D expenditures and CEO compensation policy: The effect of corporate control and market competition on managerial opportunism," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(6), pages 3625-3644, September.
    11. Bartosz Kabaciński & Jerome Geyer-Klingeberg & Jacek Piotr Mizerka & Andreas Rathgeber & Agnieszka Stróżyńska-Szajek & Mikołaj Nowicki, 2024. "Real Earnings Management and Quality of Corporate Governance: A Meta-Regression Analysis," Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics, Warsaw School of Economics, issue 4, pages 1-29.
    12. Rahman, Dewan & Kabir, Muhammad & Oliver, Barry, 2021. "Does exposure to product market competition influence insider trading profitability?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    13. Nengqi Pan & Millicent Chang & Xiaofei Pan, 2024. "Career concerns and earnings management in government‐owned banks," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 64(1), pages 475-506, March.
    14. Babar, Md. & Habib, Ahsan, 2021. "Product market competition in accounting, finance, and corporate governance: A review of the literature," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    15. Trang Nguyen, 2021. "Freedom of the press and corporate misconduct," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(9-10), pages 1668-1710, October.
    16. El Diri, Malek & Lambrinoudakis, Costas & Alhadab, Mohammad, 2020. "Corporate governance and earnings management in concentrated markets," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 291-306.
    17. Shrikant P. Jategaonkar & Linda M. Lovata & Xiaoxiao Song, 2023. "Growth opportunities and earnings management by cross-listed and U.S. firms," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 47(1), pages 157-183, March.
    18. Li, Zhaochu & Lytvynenko, Iryna P. & Philippoff, Karl S., 2021. "Stock market reactions to R&D cuts used to manage earnings," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    19. Xiaolu Xu & Leo L. Yang & Joseph H. Zhang, 2022. "How do auditors respond to client firms’ technological peer pressure? Evidence from going‐concern opinions," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(9-10), pages 1553-1580, October.
    20. Liu, Shan & Wu, Xingying & Hu, Nan, 2024. "Does CEO agreeableness personality mitigate real earnings management?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 95(PB).

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