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Reference standards and reference multipliers for the comparison of the citation impact of papers published in different time periods

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  • Werner Marx
  • Lutz Bornmann
  • Manuel Cardona

Abstract

In this study, reference standards and reference multipliers are suggested as a means to compare the citation impact of earlier research publications in physics (from the period of “Little Science” in the early 20th century) with that of contemporary papers (from the period of “Big Science,” beginning around 1960). For the development of time‐specific reference standards, the authors determined (a) the mean citation rates of papers in selected physics journals as well as (b) the mean citation rates of all papers in physics published in 1900 (Little Science) and in 2000 (Big Science); this was accomplished by relying on the processes of field‐specific standardization in bibliometry. For the sake of developing reference multipliers with which the citation impact of earlier papers can be adjusted to the citation impact of contemporary papers, they combined the reference standards calculated for 1900 and 2000 into their ratio. The use of reference multipliers is demonstrated by means of two examples involving the time adjusted h index values for Max Planck and Albert Einstein.

Suggested Citation

  • Werner Marx & Lutz Bornmann & Manuel Cardona, 2010. "Reference standards and reference multipliers for the comparison of the citation impact of papers published in different time periods," Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Association for Information Science & Technology, vol. 61(10), pages 2061-2069, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:jamist:v:61:y:2010:i:10:p:2061-2069
    DOI: 10.1002/asi.21377
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    Cited by:

    1. Bornmann, Lutz & Ganser, Christian & Tekles, Alexander, 2022. "Simulation of the h index use at university departments within the bibliometrics-based heuristics framework: Can the indicator be used to compare individual researchers?," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 16(1).
    2. Werner Marx & Lutz Bornmann, 2013. "The emergence of plate tectonics and the Kuhnian model of paradigm shift: a bibliometric case study based on the Anna Karenina principle," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 94(2), pages 595-614, February.
    3. Yi-Ching Liaw & Te-Yi Chan & Chin-Yuan Fan & Cheng-Hsin Chiang, 2014. "Can the technological impact of academic journals be evaluated? The practice of non-patent reference (NPR) analysis," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 101(1), pages 17-37, October.

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