Information use as gap‐bridging: The viewpoint of sense‐making methodology

The conceptual issues of information use are discussed by reviewing the major ideas of sense‐making methodology developed by Brenda Dervin. Sense‐making methodology approaches the phenomena of information use by drawing on the metaphor of gap‐bridging. The nature of this metaphor is explored by utilizing the ideas of metaphor analysis suggested by Lakoff and Johnson. First, the source domain of the metaphor is characterized by utilizing the graphical illustrations of sense‐making metaphors. Second, the target domain of the metaphor is analyzed by scrutinizing Dervin's key writings on information seeking and use. The metaphor of gap‐bridging does not suggest a substantive conception of information use; the metaphor gives methodological and heuristic guidance to posit contextual questions as to how people interpret information to make sense of it. Specifically, these questions focus on the ways in which cognitive, affective, and other elements useful for the sense‐making process are constructed and shaped to bridge the gap. Ultimately, the key question of information use studies is how people design information in context.