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The ESG Integration Paradox

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  • Michael Cappucci

Abstract

Today, most investment managers have something to say about environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues, and written ESG policies are ubiquitous. Yet, a written policy is not a reliable indicator of a firm's commitment. Actual ESG incorporation practices vary greatly, with most investment managers falling well short of full integration. Only a few firms seem to be using ESG factors to deliver alpha, hence, the paradox. If not implemented wholeheartedly, responsible investing can lead to lower financial returns. So, why have so few investment managers gone all the way? The paradox involves a “valley” of lower returns where portfolios first absorb the costs of ESG integration before the promised benefits materialize. In the early days of ethical investing, the focus was on using negative screens to exclude certain companies for moral or ethical reasons but lower financial returns are inherent to exclusionary screening. Hard exclusions force managers to tradeoff certain risks for others. So, for example, if the market discounts tobacco stock prices to account for changing consumer behavior, eventually tobacco stock prices become attractive again as, indeed, has been the case over the last two decades. Exclusionary screening alone is a self‐limiting strategy. By contrast, ESG strategies range from active ownership and engagement, to positive screening (selecting for certain attributes), to relative weighting (sometimes called “best‐in‐class selection”), to risk factor investing, to full integration. Because the relationship between an asset manager's ESG efforts and its risk‐adjusted performance is not classically linear, asset owners should look for managers that are on the upward slope of the ESG intensity curve and are fully committed to advancing up it.

Suggested Citation

  • Michael Cappucci, 2018. "The ESG Integration Paradox," Journal of Applied Corporate Finance, Morgan Stanley, vol. 30(2), pages 22-28, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:jacrfn:v:30:y:2018:i:2:p:22-28
    DOI: 10.1111/jacf.12296
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    1. Alessio Baratta & Antonio Cimino & Francesco Longo & Vittorio Solina & Saverino Verteramo, 2023. "The Impact of ESG Practices in Industry with a Focus on Carbon Emissions: Insights and Future Perspectives," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-20, April.
    2. Jeremi Assael & Laurent Carlier & Damien Challet, 2022. "Dissecting the explanatory power of ESG features on equity returns by sector, capitalization, and year with interpretable machine learning," Working Papers hal-03791538, HAL.
    3. Wan, Jieru & Yin, Libo & Wu, You, 2024. "Return and volatility connectedness across global ESG stock indexes: Evidence from the time-frequency domain analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 89(PB), pages 397-428.
    4. Jérémi Assael & Laurent Carlier & Damien Challet, 2023. "Dissecting the Explanatory Power of ESG Features on Equity Returns by Sector, Capitalization, and Year with Interpretable Machine Learning," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, March.
    5. Ali Raza Elahi & Anum Iqbal & Bilal Ahmad Minhas & Fouzia Ashfaq, 2023. "The Behavior Risk Biases And Sustainable Investment Decision," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 12(3), pages 74-88.
    6. Li, WeiWei & Padmanabhan, Prasad & Huang, Chia-Hsing, 2024. "ESG and debt structure: Is the nature of this relationship nonlinear?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    7. Jixun Liu & Stephen Lau & Shenyi Shirley Liu & Yingde Hu, 2024. "How Firm’s Commitment to ESG Drives Green and Low-Carbon Transition: A Longitudinal Case Study from Hang Lung Properties," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-21, January.
    8. Wang, Liang & Qi, Jiahan & Zhuang, Hongyu, 2023. "Monitoring or Collusion? Multiple Large Shareholders and Corporate ESG Performance: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    9. Gianpaolo Iazzolino & Maria Elena Bruni & Stefania Veltri & Donato Morea & Giovanni Baldissarro, 2023. "The impact of ESG factors on financial efficiency: An empirical analysis for the selection of sustainable firm portfolios," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 30(4), pages 1917-1927, July.
    10. Nadine Gatzert & Anna Kraus, 2024. "Do sustainability attributes play a role for individuals’ decisions regarding unit-linked life insurance? A survey research on German private investors," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 49(4), pages 719-746, October.
    11. Yeong Sheng Tey & Mark Brindal, 2021. "Sustainability stewardship: Does roundtable on sustainable palm oil certification create shareholder value?," Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(2), pages 786-795, March.
    12. Tan, Yafei & Zhu, Zhaohui, 2022. "The effect of ESG rating events on corporate green innovation in China: The mediating role of financial constraints and managers' environmental awareness," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    13. Heying Liu & Chan Lyu, 2022. "Can ESG Ratings Stimulate Corporate Green Innovation? Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-20, September.
    14. Charney S. Akala & Taryn Neuhaus & Indrani O' Leary-Govender, 2022. "A Systematic Review of Sustainable Investment Approaches," International Journal of Economics and Finance, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 14(12), pages 1-72, December.
    15. Ester Clementino & Richard Perkins, 2021. "How Do Companies Respond to Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) ratings? Evidence from Italy," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 171(2), pages 379-397, June.
    16. Alaa Aldowaish & Jiro Kokuryo & Othman Almazyad & Hoe Chin Goi, 2024. "How to Manage Conflicts in the Process of ESG Integration? A Case of a Japanese Firm," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-22, April.
    17. Kumari Juddoo & Issam Malki & Sudha Mathew & Sheeja Sivaprasad, 2023. "An impact investment strategy," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 61(1), pages 177-211, July.
    18. Maria Cristina Zaccone & Matteo Pedrini, 2020. "ESG Factor Integration into Private Equity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-16, July.
    19. Lukas Stricker & Carlo Pugnetti & Joël Wagner & Angela Zeier Röschmann, 2022. "Green Insurance: A Roadmap for Executive Management," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-19, May.
    20. Clementino, Ester & Perkins, Richard, 2020. "How do companies respond to environmental, social and governance (ESG) ratings? Evidence from Italy," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 103046, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    21. DiMaria, charles-henri, 2024. "ESG principles: the limits to green benchmarking," MPRA Paper 120410, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2024.
    22. Anrong Gao & Tianren Xiong & Yuxi Luo & Defeng Meng, 2023. "Promote or Crowd Out? The Impact of Environmental Information Disclosure Methods on Enterprise Value," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-19, February.
    23. Alaa Aldowaish & Jiro Kokuryo & Othman Almazyad & Hoe Chin Goi, 2022. "Environmental, Social, and Governance Integration into the Business Model: Literature Review and Research Agenda," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-20, March.

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