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Selection Bias in Web Surveys

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  • Jelke Bethlehem

Abstract

At first sight, web surveys seem to be an interesting and attractive means of data collection. They provide simple, cheap, and fast access to a large group of potential respondents. However, web surveys are not without methodological problems. Specific groups in the populations are under‐represented because they have less access to Internet. Furthermore, recruitment of respondents is often based on self‐selection. Both under‐coverage and self‐selection may lead to biased estimates. This paper describes these methodological problems. It also explores the effect of various correction techniques (adjustment weighting and use of reference surveys). This all leads to the question whether properly design web surveys can be used for data collection. The paper attempts to answer this question. It concludes that under‐coverage problems may solve itself in the future, but that self‐selection leads to unreliable survey outcomes. A première vue, les enquêtes en ligne semble être un moyen intéressant et attrayant de collecte de données. Ils fournissent un accès simple, rapide et peu coûteux à un grand groupe de répondants potentiels. Les enquêtes en ligne ne sont toutefois pas sans problèmes méthodologiques. Certains groupes au sein des populations sont sous‐représentés parce qu'ils ont un accès restreint à Internet. En outre, le recrutement des personnes interrogées est souvent fondé sur l'auto‐sélection. Sous‐couverture et auto‐sélection peuvent toutes deux être la source d'estimations biaisées. Le présent article décrit ces problèmes méthodologiques. Il explore également l'effet des différentes techniques de correction (pondération corrective et utilisation d'enquêtes de référence). Tout ceci amène à la question de savoir si des enquêtes en ligne bien conçues sont propres àêtre utilisées pour la collecte de données. L'article tente de répondre à cette question. Il conclut que le problème de la sous‐couverture pourrait se résoudre dans l'avenir, mais que l'auto‐sélection aboutit à des résultats d'enquête non fiables.

Suggested Citation

  • Jelke Bethlehem, 2010. "Selection Bias in Web Surveys," International Statistical Review, International Statistical Institute, vol. 78(2), pages 161-188, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:istatr:v:78:y:2010:i:2:p:161-188
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-5823.2010.00112.x
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