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Mega‐projects in New York, London and Amsterdam

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  • SUSAN S. FAINSTEIN

Abstract

Recently we have witnessed the mounting of very large development projects (mega‐projects) in European and American cities. There is a striking physical similarity among the schemes and also a convergence embodied in private‐sector involvement and market orientation. They differ, however, as to whether they provide affordable units and tie together physical and social goals. This article investigates new mega‐projects in New York, London, and Amsterdam. The dissimilarities among them indicate the extent of variability in contemporary property capitalism. The comparison shows that public‐private partnerships can provide public benefits, but also shows that these large projects are risky for both public and private participants, must primarily be oriented toward profitability, and produce a landscape that does not encourage urbanity. Whether the gains from increased competitiveness are spread throughout the society depends on the size of the direct governmental commitment to public benefits. This is greatest in the Netherlands, where the welfare state, albeit shrunken, lives on; it is least in the United States, where the small size of national expenditures on housing and social welfare means that low‐income people must depend almost wholly on trickle‐down effects to gain from new development. Résumé Les très grands projets d'aménagement (mégaprojets) se multiplient dernièrement dans les villes d'Europe et d'Amérique. On est frappé par une similarité physique entre les programmes, mais aussi par une convergence observable dans l'implication du secteur privé et dans une orientation‐marché. Ils diffèrent pourtant par leur capacité ou non à procurer des unités accessibles financièrement et à associer des objectifs physiques et sociaux. L'article étudie de nouveaux mégaprojets à New‐York, Londres et Amsterdam. Les divergences entre eux indiquent l'étendue de la variabilité du capitalisme immobilier contemporain. La comparaison établit que les partenariats public‐privé peuvent produire des bénéfices publics, et montre aussi que ces grands projets sont risqués pour les participants publics et privés, qu'ils doivent surtout rechercher la rentabilité et qu'ils génèrent un paysage peu favorable à l'urbanité. La répartition, sur toute la société, des gains tirés d'une compétitivité accrue dépend de l'ampleur de l'engagement direct des gouvernements à l'égard des bénéfices publics. Le cas le plus flagrant est celui des Pays‐Bas, où l'État‐providence subsiste, bien que diminué; le plus limité est celui des États‐Unis, où la faible ampleur des dépenses nationales de logement et de protection sociale signifie que les populations à bas revenu dépendent presque totalement des effets de propagation pour bénéficier d'un nouvel aménagement.

Suggested Citation

  • Susan S. Fainstein, 2008. "Mega‐projects in New York, London and Amsterdam," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(4), pages 768-785, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:32:y:2008:i:4:p:768-785
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00826.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Ricardo Reboredo, 2021. "Disaggregating Development: A Critical Analysis of Sino-African Megaprojects," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 21(1), pages 86-104, April.
    2. Thierry Theurillat & Patrick Rérat & Olivier Crevoisier, 2015. "The real estate markets: Players, institutions and territories," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 52(8), pages 1414-1433, June.
    3. Claire W. Herbert & Martin J. Murray, 2015. "Building from Scratch: New Cities, Privatized Urbanism and the Spatial Restructuring of Johannesburg after Apartheid," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(3), pages 471-494, May.
    4. Thierry Theurillat & Pierre-Yves Donzé, 2015. "Retail Networks and Real Estate: the case of Swiss luxury watches in China and Southeast," Discussion Papers in Economics and Business 15-28, Osaka University, Graduate School of Economics.
    5. Bo-sin Tang & Kwan To Wong, 2020. "Assessing externality: Successive event studies on market impacts of new housing development on an old residential neighbourhood," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 47(1), pages 156-173, January.
    6. Aidan Mosselson, 2020. "Habitus, spatial capital and making place: Housing developers and the spatial praxis of Johannesburg’s inner-city regeneration," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 52(2), pages 277-296, March.
    7. Tuna Kuyucu & Özlem Ünsal, 2010. "‘Urban Transformation’ as State-led Property Transfer: An Analysis of Two Cases of Urban Renewal in Istanbul," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 47(7), pages 1479-1499, June.
    8. Brian Doucet, 2014. "A Process of Change and a Changing Process: Introduction to the Special Issue on Contemporary Gentrification," Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, Royal Dutch Geographical Society KNAG, vol. 105(2), pages 125-139, April.
    9. Laura A. Reese & Xiaomeng Li, 2020. "Conceptions of Local Economic Development: Comparing Citizen and Local Official Attitudes," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 34(1), pages 3-20, February.
    10. Eran Weinberg & Nir Cohen & Orit Rotem-Mindali, 2019. "LUD as an Instrument for (Sub)Metropolitanization: The 1000-District in Rishon-Lezion, Israel as a Case Study," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 4(4), pages 18-30.
    11. Alison Todes & Jennifer Robinson, 2020. "Re-directing developers: New models of rental housing development to re-shape the post-apartheid city?," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 52(2), pages 297-317, March.
    12. Margalit, Talia & Mualam, Nir, 2020. "Selective rescaling, inequality and popular growth coalitions: The case of the Israeli national plan for earthquake preparedness," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    13. Ståle Holgersen & Guy Baeten, 2016. "Beyond a Liberal Critique of ‘Trickle Down': Urban Planning in the City of Malmö," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(6), pages 1170-1185, November.
    14. Nadir Kinossian & Kevin Morgan, 2014. "Development by Decree: The Limits of ‘Authoritarian Modernization’ in the Russian Federation," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(5), pages 1678-1696, September.
    15. Christopher Niedt, 2011. "Comment on Carpenter and Ross (2009)," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 48(16), pages 3613-3619, December.
    16. Li, Lingyue & Xiao, Yang, 2022. "Capital accumulation and urban land development in China: (Re)making Expo Park in Shanghai," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    17. Dikmen Bezmez, 2008. "The Politics of Urban Waterfront Regeneration: The Case of Haliç (the Golden Horn), Istanbul," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(4), pages 815-840, December.
    18. Matthew Aaron Richmond & Jeff Garmany, 2016. "‘Post-Third-World City' or Neoliberal ‘City of Exception'? Rio de Janeiro in the Olympic Era," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(3), pages 621-639, May.
    19. Brian Doucet, 2013. "Variations of the Entrepreneurial City: Goals, roles and visions in Rotterdam's Kop van Zuid and the Glasgow Harbour Megaprojects," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(6), pages 2035-2051, November.
    20. Ahoura Zandiatashbar & Carla Maria Kayanan, 2020. "Negative Consequences of Innovation-Igniting Urban Developments: Empirical Evidence from Three US Cities," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 5(3), pages 378-391.
    21. Federico Savini, 2017. "Planning, uncertainty and risk: The neoliberal logics of Amsterdam urbanism," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 49(4), pages 857-875, April.
    22. Gerber, Jean-David & Debrunner, Gabriela, 2022. "Planning with power. Implementing urban densification policies in Zurich, Switzerland," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C).
    23. Amparo Tarazona Vento, 2015. "Santiago Calatrava and the ‘Power of Faith’: Global Imaginaries in Valencia," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(3), pages 550-567, May.
    24. Fernando Diaz Orueta & Susan S. Fainstein, 2008. "The New Mega‐Projects: Genesis and Impacts," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(4), pages 759-767, December.
    25. Céline Janssen & Tom A Daamen & Wouter J Verheul, 2024. "Governing capabilities, not places – how to understand social sustainability implementation in urban development," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 61(2), pages 331-349, February.

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