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Negotiation of property rights in urban land in İstanbul

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  • Elvan Gülöksüz

Abstract

This article looks into the evolution of property rights in two farm estates in the city of İstanbul between 1874 and 2000. In the 1970s, these farm estates developed into urban districts which were designated ‘illegal’ because their development did not conform to urban planning and/or property legislation. The research examines changes in the laws defining property rights over time, the transfers of property in the two farm estates, and the conflicts among the various actors over property rights or ownership. The findings demonstrate how property is established as the outcome of struggles and conflicts among actors, notably between those excluded from and those included in property ownership and between private and public interests in the definition of property rights. These conflicts are intensified by the high revenues obtained from urban land transactions. The findings also show that confrontations take place within the context of the property and urban planning laws while these laws are themselves negotiated during this process, eventually leading to changes in the laws when wide acceptance of local formulations force the state to seek a compromise. The study is also demonstrative of the variety of attitudes different state bodies adopt towards property relations in these districts. Cet article examine l’évolution des droits de propriété dans deux domaines agricoles de la ville d’İstanbul entre 1874 et 2000. Dans les années 1970, ces terrains ont été aménagés en quartiers urbains qualifiés d’‘illégaux’, leur aménagement ne respectant pas le plan d’urbanisme et/ou la législation sur la propriété. L’article s’intéresse aux changements apportés à la législation définissant les droits de propriété, aux transferts de biens dans les deux domaines agricoles et aux conflits entre les différents acteurs quant aux droits afférents aux biens immobiliers ou à la propriété. Ces recherches montrent comment la propriété s’établit au terme de luttes et conflits entre les acteurs (notamment ceux qui sont exclus et inclus dans la propriété), ainsi qu’entre les intérêts privés et publics dans la définition des droits. Ces litiges sont alimentés par les revenus importants tirés des transactions sur les terrains urbains. Selon les résultats, les affrontements ont lieu dans le cadre des législations sur la propriété et l’urbanisme alors que ces lois sont elles–mêmes en cours de négociation; cette situation aboutit à des amendements lorsqu’une large acceptation des formulations locales oblige l’État à chercher un compromis. Ceci démontre aussi la diversité des attitudes qu’adoptent les différents organes de l’État à l’égard des relations liées aux biens immobiliers dans ces quartiers.

Suggested Citation

  • Elvan Gülöksüz, 2002. "Negotiation of property rights in urban land in İstanbul," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(3), pages 462-476, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:26:y:2002:i:3:p:462-476
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00393
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