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Immigrant Place Entrepreneurs in Los Angeles, 1970–99

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  • Ivan Light

Abstract

Proclamations of the death of Los Angeles’ growth machine are premature. These proclamations overlook the growing role of immigrant Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs in regional property development. Since 1970, Korean and Chinese entrepreneurs have seriously restructured Los Angeles’ morphology, creating hierarchically arranged residential and business clusters for co–ethnic immigrants. Koreatown and Monterey Park are the brand names most familiar to outsiders, but these prominent localities really coexist with a multiplicity of less well–known ethnic communities that owe their origins to immigrant property developers. The immigrant property developers use the classic methods of the growth machine: buy land cheaply, promote it in Chinese or Korean emigration basins, then sell it to co–ethnic immigrants at a profit. In the process, the immigrant property developers reduce the difficulty of immigration to Los Angeles at the same time that they enhance its perceived desirability. The success of the Chinese and Korean developers highlights the hazard of assuming, as is conventionally done, that ethnic residential clustering arises from leaderless social processes. In both these highlighted cases, entrepreneurial elites created residential clusters of co–ethnics from conscious, long–term plans that required political as well as economic savoir–faire. In so doing, the immigrant property developers joined the Los Angeles growth machine whose fortunes, admittedly, have been waning among the native born population of the region. La mort annoncée de la dynamique de croissance de Los Angeles est prématurée. Ce serait oublier le rôle grandissant des chefs d’entreprise immigrés coréens et chinois dans l’aménagement immobilier régional. Depuis 1970, ces entrepreneurs ont considérablement restructuré la morphologie de Los Angeles, créant des ‘agglomérats’ commerciaux et résidentiels hiérarchisés pour migrants de m?me ethnie. Si Koreatown et Monterey Park sont des noms bien connus des étrangers, ces lieux dominants coexistent en réalité avec une multiplicité de communautés ethniques moins renommées qui doivent leurs origines à des promoteurs immigrés. Ces derniers appliquent les mécanismes classiques de la prospérité: acheter le terrain bon marché, le promouvoir dans des bassins d’émigration chinois ou coréens, puis le vendre à profità des immigrants co–ethniques. Ainsi, les promoteurs immigrés facilitent l’immigration vers Los Angeles tout en en accentuant l’aspect attractif. La réussite des aménageurs chinois et coréens souligne le risque qu’il y a à supposer, comme bien souvent, que tout regroupement résidentiel ethnique naît de processus sociaux non dirigés. Dans les deux cas exposés, les élites commerciales ont créé des regroupements résidentiels de m?me ethnie selon des plans délibérés à long terme, impliquant un savoir–faire à la fois politique et économique. Ce faisant, les promoteurs immigrés ont rejoint la dynamique de croissance de Los Angeles qui, il est vrai, a vu décliner les succès au sein de sa population de souche.

Suggested Citation

  • Ivan Light, 2002. "Immigrant Place Entrepreneurs in Los Angeles, 1970–99," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(2), pages 215-228, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:26:y:2002:i:2:p:215-228
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00376
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    Cited by:

    1. Denise Lawrence-Zúñiga, 2015. "Residential Design Guidelines, Aesthetic Governmentality, and Contested Notions of Southern California Suburban Places," Economic Anthropology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 2(1), pages 120-144, January.
    2. Earl H. Fry, 2013. "Relating cities to their international context," Chapters, in: Peter Karl Kresl & Jaime Sobrino (ed.), Handbook of Research Methods and Applications in Urban Economies, chapter 8, pages 175-204, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    3. Julia Sass Rubin, 2011. "Countering the Rhetoric of Emerging Domestic Markets: Why More Information Alone Will Not Address the Capital Needs of Underserved Communities," Economic Development Quarterly, , vol. 25(2), pages 182-192, May.
    4. Filip Stabrowski, 2018. "Social Relations of Landed Property: Gentrification of a Polish Enclave in Brooklyn," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 77(1), pages 29-57, January.
    5. Youliang Guo & Chengguo Zhang & Ya Ping Wang & Xun Li, 2018. "(De-)Activating the growth machine for redevelopment: The case of Liede urban village in Guangzhou," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 55(7), pages 1420-1438, May.

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