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Youth as a Political Movement: Development of the Squatters' and Autonomous Movement in Copenhagen

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  • Flemming Mikkelsen
  • Rene Karpantschof

Abstract

The main purpose of this article is firstly to construct a political theory of urban youth movements, and secondly to explain the international setting and transnational commitment of one of the most vigorous movements in Denmark after the second world war. The BZ‐movement, as it was called, began as a squatter movement firmly embedded in communal mobilization and later turned into a political movement with strong ties to squatters' and Autonomous groups in Germany and the Netherlands. We attempt to describe and explain the development of the BZ‐movement, the repertoire of collective actions, and how a process of goal displacement took place from around 1981 until 1995. In our theoretical appraisal we reject most cultural arguments, postmodernism and social marginalization in favour of concepts of place, organization, interaction and political opportunity. Thus, local social networks as well as national and international political opportunities, including relationships to opponents and allies, play a major role in determining the everyday social and political life of the BZ‐movement. Le principal objectif de cet article est d'élaborer une théorie politique sur les mouvements de la jeunesse urbaine, puis d'expliquer le cadre international et l'engagement transnational de l'un des mouvements danois les plus présents depuis la Deuxème Guerre mondiale. Le mouvement BZ (c'est son nom) a débuté comme mouvement de squatters nettement intégré dans une mobilisation collective, puis s'est transformé en mouvement politique étroitement liéà des groupes de squatters et autonomes allemands et hollandais. L'article s'efforce de décrire et d'expliquer l'évolution du mouvement BZ, son actif au plan collectif et le processus de déplacement des objectifs qui s'est déroulé d'environ 1981 à 1995. Dans notre évaluation théorique, nous rejetons la plupart des arguments culturels, le postmodernisme et la marginalisation sociale, privilégiant les concepts de lieu, d'organisation, d'interaction et d'opportunité politique. Les réseaux sociaux locaux, ainsi que les ouvertures politiques nationales et internationales, y compris les relations avec des opposants et alliés, jouent donc un rôle essentiel dans la détermination de la vie politique et sociale quotidienne du mouvement BZ.

Suggested Citation

  • Flemming Mikkelsen & Rene Karpantschof, 2001. "Youth as a Political Movement: Development of the Squatters' and Autonomous Movement in Copenhagen," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(3), pages 593-608, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:25:y:2001:i:3:p:593-608:a
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00332
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    Cited by:

    1. Alessandro Coppola & Alberto Vanolo, 2015. "Normalising autonomous spaces: Ongoing transformations in Christiania, Copenhagen," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 52(6), pages 1152-1168, May.
    2. Jan Lilliendahl Larsen & Jens Brandt, 2018. "Critique, Creativity and the Co-Optation of the Urban: A Case of Blind Fields and Vague Spaces in Lefebvre, Copenhagen and Current Perceptions of the Urban," Urban Planning, Cogitatio Press, vol. 3(3), pages 52-69.

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