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Globalization: Beyond the Ultra‐modernist Narrative to a Critical Realist Perspective on Geopolitics in the Cyber Age

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  • Christopher Lloyd

Abstract

Globalization is the new master concept beloved of media commentators. But already there is great discontent among social scientists with the content and use of this concept. In the space of less than a decade globalization discourse and research has moved well past the stage of invocation of a ‘buzzword’, of obeisance to the power of the internet and global finance, or of predictions of the demise of the state. These are all features that can readily be discerned still in the press and among politicians and hyperglobalizing advertisers and finance‐sector ‘gurus’. These groups seem still to be locked into the first wave of globalization euphoria consequent upon the supposed ‘triumph’ of capitalist neoliberalism after the collapse of communism and the slightly later advent of the internet. Second and third waves of enquiry have since arisen in which scepticism about globalization (in the second) is giving way to more detailed empirical enquiry into the actual processes and transformations that might or might not be occurring. We need a new critical perspective that is able to place globalization as the latest form of an older discourse on modernity and capitalism and which is able to move well beyond the over simplification of the present. Through a critical realist perspective we can begin to develop a more empirically powerful criticism of geopolitics and political economy and begin to see the possibilities of local empowerment in the face of the rhetoric and politics of the hyperglobalizing project. La mondialisation est le nouveau concept de prédilection des médias. Mais déjà, sa teneur et son usage suscitent un mécontentement considérable dans le milieu des sciences sociales. En moins d'une décennie, discours et recherches sur la mondialisation ont largement dépassé l'invocation d'un mot à la mode, l'hommage rendu à la puissance d'Internet et de la finance mondiale, ou les prédictions du recul de l'État. On perçoit encore facilement tous ces traits dans la presse et chez les hommes politiques, les publicitaires hyper‐mondialisateurs et les ‘gourous’ de la finance; en effet, ces groupes restent bloqués, semble‐t‐il, au stade de la première vague d'euphorie liée au phénomène né du soi‐disant ‘triomphe’ du néolibéralisme capitaliste après l'effondrement du communisme et l'arrivée presque simultanée d'Internet. Sont apparues depuis une deuxième puis une troisième vague d'investigations; le scepticisme à l'égard de la mondialisation (dans la deuxième) y fait place à une étude empirique plus détaillée sur les processus et transformations réels qui pourraient ou non voir le jour. Nous avons besoin d'une nouvelle perspective critique qui permette de positionner la mondialisation comme la forme la plus récente d'un discours antérieur sur la modernité et le capitalisme, et d'aller outre la simplification excessive qui nous connaissons actuellement. Grâce à une approche réaliste, nous pouvons commencer àélaborer une critique de géopolitique et d'économie politique plus solide sur le plan empirique, et à distinguer les possibilités d'attributions de pouvoirs à un niveau local, en dépit des discours et de la politique caractéristiques du projet d'hyper‐mondialisation.

Suggested Citation

  • Christopher Lloyd, 2000. "Globalization: Beyond the Ultra‐modernist Narrative to a Critical Realist Perspective on Geopolitics in the Cyber Age," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(2), pages 258-273, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:24:y:2000:i:2:p:258-273
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00249
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    Cited by:

    1. Larry Ray, 2002. "Crossing Borders? Sociology, Globalization and Immobility," Sociological Research Online, , vol. 7(3), pages 36-49, August.
    2. E. M. Young, 2004. "Globalization and food security: novel questions in a novel context?," Progress in Development Studies, , vol. 4(1), pages 1-21, January.

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