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The New Urban Left: Parties Without Actors

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  • Henri Lustiger‐Thaler
  • Eric Shragge

Abstract

One of the hallmarks of late political modernity may be that grassroots groups and urban social movements are fixed in increasingly distal relations with left of center parties. We examine the history of these relations in the city of Montreal, where there has been an historic progression from left parties, with significant constituencies, to parties without local actors. The 1994 municipal election in Montreal is reviewed in this light. Our findings indicate, however, that urban movements have developed a ‘transfunctionality’. This places them in a conflict‐laden stance to urban social policy, by signaling that which has been excluded from that relationship, through the arbitrariness of the service function they have taken on. These transformations have ushered them away from protest activities and towards a politics of everyday life (needs satisfactions, well‐being), increasing their base constituencies, while lowering their ideological and rhetorical positions. Grassroots groups are bringing an unaccustomed political diversity into the discourse of the traditional and new urban left. These are not programmatic rehearsals, in search of a reworked or revised totality, but rather represent strategically placed claims to appropriate greater political, social and cultural spaces around issues of mutuality, self‐help and effective local power Une les caractéristiques de la modernité politique récente est peut‐être que les groupes populaires et les mouvements sociaux urbains sont immobilisés dans des relations de plus en plus éloignées des partis de centre‐gauche. Nous examinons l'histoire de ces relations dans la ville de Montréal, où il y a eu une progression historique des partis de gauche, avec des circonscriptions électorales considérables, vers des partis sans participants locaux. Les élections municipales de 1994 à Montréal sont reconsidérées sous cet angle. Nos conclusions indiquent, cependant, que les mouvements urbains ont développé une ‘transfonctionnalité’. Ceci les place dans une position de conflit par rapport aux politiques sociales urbaines, en indiquant ce qui a été exclus de cette relation par l'arbitraire des fonctions de service qu'ils ont adoptées. Ces transformations les ont éloignés des activités de protestation et rapprochés des politiques de la vie de tous les jours (satisfactions des besoins, bien‐être), augmentant leurs circonscription électorale de base et en même temps abaissant leurs positions idéologique et rhétorique. Les groupes populaires apportent une diversité politique inhabituelle au discours de la gauche traditionnelle et de la nouvelle gauche urbaine. Ce ne sont pas des répétitions programmatiques cherchant une totalité remodelée ou révisée mais représentent plutôt des demandes stratégiques pour approprier plus d'espaces politiques, sociaux et culturels quant aux questions de réciprocité, d'efforts personnels et de pouvoir local efficace.

Suggested Citation

  • Henri Lustiger‐Thaler & Eric Shragge, 1998. "The New Urban Left: Parties Without Actors," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(2), pages 233-244, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:22:y:1998:i:2:p:233-244
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00137
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