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Economic restructuring and state intervention in Holdenist suburbia: understanding urban poverty in Australia

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  • Ian Winter
  • Lois Bryson

Abstract

From the mid‐1940s to the mid‐1960s a particular conjuncture of capital‐state relations formed in Australia, leading to the development of a distinctive urban form —‘Holdenist suburbia’: built by government; of a large scale and uniform appearance; constructed of poor quality, cheap materials; home to relatively high percentages of public renters; comprised of predominantly working‐class families; adjacent to manufacturing employment; and stigmatized. An examination of one such Holdenist suburban estate in 1966 and 1991 illustrates how certain aspects of economic restructuring and state intervention have forged such spaces as sites of urban poverty. With the broad aim of connecting Australian urban studies to ongoing international debates about the nature of contemporary urban poverty, it is noted that distinctive characteristics of Australian urban and welfare state development render the application of concepts derived from different cultural settings problematic. This paper makes two points. First, a ‘finer‐combed’ interpretation of Australian postwar suburban development is required to delineate the role of the state in shaping a particular urban form during this period — the Holdenist suburban form. Second, this delineation is particularly important to understanding contemporary urban poverty in Australia, for the social provisions of state policy have, in contradictory fashion, both prevented the full development of outcast ghettos (Marcuse, 1996) and, in conjunction with the processes of economic restructuring, forged sites of urban poverty. Du milieu des années quarante jusqu’au milieu des années soixante une conjoncture particulière des relations du capital et de l’Etat est apparue en Australie, causant le développement d’une forme urbaine distinctive, ‘la banlieue holdéniste’: construite par le gouvernement; à grande échelle et d’apparence uniforme; faite de matériaux de mauvaise qualité et bon marché; logeant un nombre relativement élevé de locataires du secteur public; comprenant principalement des familles de la classe ouvrière; proche des emplois industriels; et stigmatisée. L’examen d’une de ces zones de banlieue holdéniste en 1966 et en 1991 montre comment certains aspects de la restructuration économique et de l’intervention de l’Etat ont rendu de tels espaces des lieux de pauvreté urbaine. Dans le but de lier les études urbaines australiennes aux débats internationaux actuels concernant la nature de la pauvreté urbaine contemporaine, nous remarquons que les caractéristiques distinctives du développement urbain et du développement de la sécurité sociale en Australie rendent problématique l’utilisation de concepts provenant de cultures différentes. Cet article fait ressortir deux arguments. Premièrement, une interprétation plus précise du développement de banlieue d’après‐guerre en Australie est nécessaire pour spécifier le rôle de l’Etat dans la formation d’une forme urbaine particulière durant cette période — la forme de la banlieue holdéniste. Deuxièmement, cette spécification est particulièrement importante pour comprendre la pauvreté urbaine contemporaine en Australie, car les provisions sociales de la politique d’Etat ont, de façon contradictoire, empêché le plein développement de ghettos de parias (Marcuse, 1996) et, en conjonction avec le processus de restructuration économique, produit des lieux de pauvreté urbaine.

Suggested Citation

  • Ian Winter & Lois Bryson, 1998. "Economic restructuring and state intervention in Holdenist suburbia: understanding urban poverty in Australia," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(1), pages 60-75, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:22:y:1998:i:1:p:60-75
    DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.00123
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