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Sanitation Facilities in Somali Households: Evidence From a Multilevel Analysis of the 2020 Health and Demographic Survey

Author

Listed:
  • Muhyadin Yusuf Dahir
  • Mohamed Said Hassan
  • Md. Moyazzem Hossain

Abstract

Household sanitation facilities are vital for national development, disease prevention, and health. Despite some progress, many countries, including Somalia, cannot meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. This study aims to identify the potential factors of utilising sanitation facilities in Somalia using Somalia Health and Demographic Surveys (SHDS)‐2020 data. Chi‐square test and multilevel models were employed in this study to determine the risk factors of utilising sanitation facilities. Findings revealed that about 41.35% of the respondents lived in urban areas, 46.80% of households were classified as poor, and 87.02% had no education. Several factors significantly influenced access to appropriate sanitation services, including educational level, gender of the household head, family size, and wealth status. Affluent households were 1.11 times more likely to access sanitation than poor, while female‐headed households had 1.1 times higher odds than male‐headed ones. Findings depict disparities in sanitation access among Somali households, driven by factors such as wealth, gender, and education. Targeted interventions, including financial support for poor households and empowerment initiatives for female heads, are essential. A focus on community education and infrastructure investment is crucial for improving health outcomes in Somalia.

Suggested Citation

  • Muhyadin Yusuf Dahir & Mohamed Said Hassan & Md. Moyazzem Hossain, 2025. "Sanitation Facilities in Somali Households: Evidence From a Multilevel Analysis of the 2020 Health and Demographic Survey," International Journal of Health Planning and Management, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(3), pages 549-556, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijhplm:v:40:y:2025:i:3:p:549-556
    DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3899
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Brenda Auma & Marvin Musinguzi & Edward Ojuka & Eustes Kigongo & Raymond Tumwesigye & Walter Acup & Amir Kabunga & Bosco Opio, 2024. "Prevalence of diarrhea and water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) associated factors among children under five years in Lira City Northern Uganda: Community based study," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 19(6), pages 1-14, June.
    2. Ismaila Rimi Abubakar, 2017. "Access to Sanitation Facilities among Nigerian Households: Determinants and Sustainability Implications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-17, April.
    3. Yuke-Lin Kong & Jailani Anis-Syakira & Weng Hong Fun & Nur Zahirah Balqis-Ali & M. S. Shakirah & Sondi Sararaks, 2020. "Socio-Economic Factors Related to Drinking Water Source and Sanitation in Malaysia," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(21), pages 1-16, October.
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