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From rhetoric to measurement: The economics of wetland conservation

Author

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  • Patrick Lloyd‐Smith
  • Peter Boxall
  • Ken Belcher

Abstract

Wetland conservation continues to be a pressing issue as wetlands continue to be lost due to urban, industrial, and agricultural expansion. This paper synthesizes the current knowledge about wetland conservation economics in Canada, with a focus on prairie landscapes. We review the methods economists use to empirically measure the costs (i.e., supply) and benefits (i.e., demand) of wetlands and their ecosystem services. We find a wide range of wetland conservation cost estimates both across studies and across wetlands suggesting an important role for targeting. For the benefits side, we outline the wetland ecosystem service conceptual framework, describe the main approaches used in wetland benefit valuation, and review the sparse empirical evidence. The paper concludes with a call for more careful empirical evidence demonstrating the economic benefits of wetlands that can be compared to conservation costs operationalized into policies. La conservation des milieux humides demeure un enjeu pressant alors que ceux‐ci continuent de disparaître en raison de l'expansion urbaine, industrielle et agricole. Cet article synthétise les connaissances actuelles sur l’économie de la conservation des milieux humides au Canada, en mettant l'accent sur les paysages des Prairies. Nous examinons les méthodes utilisées par les économistes pour mesurer empiriquement les coûts (c'est‐à‐dire l'offre) et les avantages (c'est‐à‐dire la demande) des milieux humides et des services écosystémiques qu'ils fournissent. Nous constatons une large variation des estimations des coûts de conservation des milieux humides entre les études et entre les sites, ce qui suggère un rôle important du ciblage. Du côté des avantages, nous présentons le cadre conceptuel des services écosystémiques des milieux humides, décrivons les principales approches utilisées pour l’évaluation de ces avantages et passons en revue les rares données empiriques disponibles. L'article conclut en appelant à produire davantage de données empiriques rigoureuses démontrant les bénéfices économiques des milieux humides, données qui pourraient être comparées aux coûts de conservation et intégrées aux politiques publiques.

Suggested Citation

  • Patrick Lloyd‐Smith & Peter Boxall & Ken Belcher, 2026. "From rhetoric to measurement: The economics of wetland conservation," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 74(1), pages 56-77, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:74:y:2026:i:1:p:56-77
    DOI: 10.1111/cjag.70005
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