Author
Abstract
This paper examines the impact of Canada's federal carbon tax on farmgate grain prices, focusing on pass‐through in the grain transportation sector. The tax, which was eliminated in April 2025 amid concerns about rising food costs, was widely criticized by farmers for increasing expenses related to fertilizer, propane, and rail shipping. I develop a theoretical model of a farm‐to‐port supply chain to identify the determinants of carbon tax pass‐through and test its predictions using monthly wheat and canola prices. The empirical framework features pairwise regional price gaps and exploits the interaction between shipping distance and the escalating carbon tax as the key source of variation. The results point to considerable overshifting in the wheat market, a possibility that is accommodated within the theoretical framework. Estimated pass‐through effects are generally imprecise, with large standard errors and sensitivity to specification choices. My findings highlight the value of the carbon tax as a natural experiment on market pass‐through and the empirical challenges of pass‐through estimation. Cet article examine l’impact de la taxe carbone fédérale du Canada sur les prix à la ferme des céréales, en se concentrant sur le transfert de coûts dans le secteur du transport des grains. La taxe, qui a été abolie en avril 2025 en raison des préoccupations liées à la hausse des coûts alimentaires, a été largement critiquée par les agriculteurs pour l’augmentation des dépenses associées aux engrais, au propane et au transport ferroviaire. Je développe un modèle théorique de chaîne d’approvisionnement de la ferme au port afin d’identifier les déterminants du transfert de la taxe carbone et de tester ses prédictions à l’aide de données mensuelles sur les prix du blé et du canola. Le cadre empirique repose sur les écarts de prix régionaux par paires et exploite l’interaction entre la distance d’expédition et l’escalade de la taxe carbone comme principale source de variation. Les résultats indiquent un transfert excédentaire considérable sur le marché du blé, possibilité prévue par le modèle théorique. Les effets estimés du transfert sont généralement imprécis, avec de larges erreurs‐types et une sensibilité aux choix de spécification. Mes conclusions mettent en évidence la valeur de la taxe carbone comme expérience naturelle pour l’étude du transfert sur les marchés, ainsi que les défis empiriques associés à l’estimation de ce transfert.
Suggested Citation
James Vercammen, 2025.
"Carbon tax pass‐through in western Canadian grain transportation,"
Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 73(4), pages 339-357, December.
Handle:
RePEc:bla:canjag:v:73:y:2025:i:4:p:339-357
DOI: 10.1111/cjag.70007
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