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Analysis of impacts of inflation on the distribution of household consumption expenditures

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  • Lester D. Taylor

Abstract

As a consequence of the COVID‐19 pandemic of early 2020, production in the United States, as in much of the world, largely came to a standstill. Unemployment in the United States quickly rose from 3.5% in February to 13.2% in May, quarter‐to‐quarter GDP fell 7.8%, and substantial transfers were enacted to maintain household income. The resulting mismatch between aggregate supply and demand not surprisingly ignited an inflation that by early 2022 had reached a year‐over‐year 40‐year high. The purpose of the present communication is to utilize a framework developed from data embodied in surveys of households’ consumer expenditures to analyze impacts of this inflation on separate categories of expenditure. The engine for the analysis, whose construction is described in detail by Taylor (2013, is a matrix of “intra‐budget” coefficients that represent the direct relationships amongst different categories of expenditure in households’ budgets. The elements of this matrix are constructed from the information in 58 quarters of data (2006 through 2019) from the ongoing BLS Survey of Consumer Expenditure to analyze effects and impacts on 16 categories of US household consumption expenditure of the 2021–2022 inflation. Principal findings include: expenditures for housing, transportation, gasoline and oil, and personal insurance consistently endure the largest impacts from inflation; real‐ income effects from inflation differ from those arising from a like cut in nominal income; not surprisingly, food expenditures are most impacted at low income. À la suite de la pandémie de COVID‐19 en début 2020, la production aux États‐Unis, comme dans une grande partie du monde, s'est en grande partie arrêtée. Le chômage aux États‐Unis est rapidement passé de 3,5 % en février à 13,2 % en mai, le PIB d'un trimestre à l'autre a chuté de 7,8 % et des transferts substantiels ont été décrétés pour maintenir le revenu des ménages. L'inadéquation qui en a résulté entre l'offre et la demande globales a déclenché sans surprise une inflation qui, au début de 2022, avait atteint un sommet de 40 ans en comparaison annuel. Le but de la présente communication est d'utiliser un cadre développé à partir de données contenues dans des enquêtes sur les dépenses de consommation des ménages pour analyser les impacts de cette inflation sur des catégories de dépenses distinctes. Le moteur de l'analyse, dont la construction est décrite en détail dans Taylor, est une matrice de coefficients « intra‐budgétaires » qui représentent les relations directes entre différentes catégories de dépenses dans les budgets des ménages. Les éléments de cette matrice sont construits à partir des informations de 58 trimestres de données (de 2006 à 2019) de l'enquête du Bureau of Labor and Statistics sur les dépenses de consommation pour analyser les effets et les impacts de l'inflation 2021–2022 sur 16 catégories de dépenses de consommation des ménages américains. Les principaux résultats sont : les dépenses pour le logement, le transport, l'essence et le pétrole et l'assurance personnelle subissent systématiquement les impacts les plus importants de l'inflation; les effets de l'inflation sur le revenu réel diffèrent de ceux résultant d'une réduction similaire du revenu nominal; sans surprise, les résultats indiquent que les dépenses alimentaires soient les plus touchées chez les personnes à faible revenu.

Suggested Citation

  • Lester D. Taylor, 2022. "Analysis of impacts of inflation on the distribution of household consumption expenditures," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 70(3), pages 239-258, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:70:y:2022:i:3:p:239-258
    DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12315
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