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Total factor productivity change in hog production and Quebec's revenue insurance program

Author

Listed:
  • Alphonse Singbo
  • Bruno Larue
  • Lota D. Tamini

Abstract

Quebec's hog industry is supported by a revenue insurance program that guarantees a minimum price, but it also faces strict environmental constraints. Under price volatility, risk‐averse farms may contract their output enough to produce under increasing returns. We show that the subsidy and downside risk reduction effects of the revenue insurance program tend to stimulate output and increase the likelihood of production under increasing returns. Environmental constraints that raise the cost of manure management and limit areas under cultivation also increase the likelihood of decreasing returns. Scale efficiency and technical efficiency measures are obtained through a parametric decomposition of total factor productivity (TFP) obtained from the estimation of an output distance function. As in hog studies pertaining to other countries, we found a TFP average annual growth of 5.2% between 2004 and 2012. Scale efficiency is much lower than in other countries, as per our prior about the program's distortions and environmental constraints. Integrating annual TFP gains into the setting of the minimum guaranteed price could reduce program costs by $12 million per year. About $70–80 million per year could be saved by investing in extension activities that would bring increase the level of technical efficiency of inefficient farms to the provincial average. A metatechnology frontier approach allowing for an endogenous input was also implemented to assess the robustness of the scale efficiency results. L'industrie porcine québécoise est soutenue par un programme d'assurance revenu qui garantit un prix minimum, mais elle est également confrontée à de strictes contraintes environnementales. En raison de la volatilité des prix, les exploitations averses au risque peuvent réduire suffisamment leur production pour produire sous rendements croissants. Nous montrons que les effets de subvention et de la réduction des risques du programme d'assurance‐revenu ont tendance à stimuler la production et à augmenter la probabilité de production avec des rendements croissants. Les contraintes environnementales qui augmentent le coût de la gestion du fumier et limitent les superficies cultivées augmentent également la probabilité de diminution des rendements. L'efficacité de taille et les mesures d'efficacité technique sont obtenues par une décomposition paramétrique de la productivité totale des facteurs (PTF) obtenue à partir de l'estimation d'une fonction de distance des extrants. Comme dans les études sur le porc dans d'autres pays, nous avons constaté une croissance annuelle moyenne de 5,2% de la PTF entre 2004 et 2012. L'efficacité de taille est beaucoup plus faible que dans d'autres pays, comme nous l'avons vu précédemment concernant les distorsions du programme et les contraintes environnementales. L'intégration des gains annuels de la PTF dans la fixation du prix minimum garanti pourrait réduire les coûts du programme de 12 millions de dollars par an. Environ 70 à 80 millions de dollars par année pourraient être économisés en investissant dans des activités de vulgarisation qui porteraient le niveau d'efficacité technique des fermes inefficaces à la moyenne provinciale. Une approche de frontière métatechnologique permettant des intrants endogènes a également été mise en œuvre pour évaluer la robustesse des résultats d'efficacité de taille.

Suggested Citation

  • Alphonse Singbo & Bruno Larue & Lota D. Tamini, 2020. "Total factor productivity change in hog production and Quebec's revenue insurance program," Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, Canadian Agricultural Economics Society/Societe canadienne d'agroeconomie, vol. 68(1), pages 21-46, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:canjag:v:68:y:2020:i:1:p:21-46
    DOI: 10.1111/cjag.12220
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