IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/ausecr/v59y2026i1p119-122.html

Price Transparency in Specialist Markets

Author

Listed:
  • Susan J. Méndez
  • Jongsay Yong
  • Anthony Scott
  • Khic‐Houy Prang
  • Adam G. Elshaug

Abstract

The market for non‐GP specialist services in Australia is characterised by widely dispersed fees and out‐ of‐ pocket costs, creating uncertainty about the price patients will have to pay. This is primarily driven by doctor‐level variation in pricing rather than patient characteristics, clinical risk or quality, which reflects a referral‐based market with severe information asymmetry and weak price competition. A response to help patients navigate this system has been the promotion of fee transparency websites. While this is a welcome step to empower patients, evidence suggests such tools have limited impact and may increase prices in concentrated markets. We argue that to improve transparency tools, risk‐adjusted information on expected costs and quality indicators must be provided and this information should be targeted at the referee, often the general practitioner.

Suggested Citation

  • Susan J. Méndez & Jongsay Yong & Anthony Scott & Khic‐Houy Prang & Adam G. Elshaug, 2026. "Price Transparency in Specialist Markets," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, vol. 59(1), pages 119-122, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ausecr:v:59:y:2026:i:1:p:119-122
    DOI: 10.1111/1467-8462.70051
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8462.70051
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/1467-8462.70051?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Kaufmann, Cornel & Müller, Tobias & Hefti, Andreas & Boes, Stefan, 2018. "Does personalized information improve health plan choices when individuals are distracted?," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 197-214.
    2. Daniel Kahneman & Amos Tversky, 2013. "Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision Under Risk," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Leonard C MacLean & William T Ziemba (ed.), HANDBOOK OF THE FUNDAMENTALS OF FINANCIAL DECISION MAKING Part I, chapter 6, pages 99-127, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    3. David P. Byrne & Nicolas de Roos, 2019. "Learning to Coordinate: A Study in Retail Gasoline," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 109(2), pages 591-619, February.
    4. Zach Y. Brown, 2019. "Equilibrium Effects of Health Care Price Information," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 101(4), pages 699-712, October.
    5. Barkowski, Scott, 2025. "Does knowing the costs of other physicians affect doctors’ referrals?," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    6. Svend Albæk & Peter Møllgaard & Per B. Overgaard, 1997. "Government‐Assisted Oligopoly Coordination? A Concrete Case," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(4), pages 429-443, December.
    7. Ana Cecilia Quiroga Gutierrez & Stefan Boes, 2024. "Bridging the gap: Experimental evidence on information provision and health insurance choices," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 33(6), pages 1368-1386, June.
    8. Zhang, Angela & Prang, Khic-Houy & Devlin, Nancy & Scott, Anthony & Kelaher, Margaret, 2020. "The impact of price transparency on consumers and providers: A scoping review," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 124(8), pages 819-825.
    9. David P. Byrne, 2024. "Dollars and Sense: Exposing Unfair Pricing," Economic Papers, The Economic Society of Australia, vol. 43(4), pages 311-323, December.
    10. Jeffrey R. Brown & Austan Goolsbee, 2002. "Does the Internet Make Markets More Competitive? Evidence from the Life Insurance Industry," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 110(3), pages 481-507, June.
    11. Fernando Luco, 2019. "Who Benefits from Information Disclosure? The Case of Retail Gasoline," American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, American Economic Association, vol. 11(2), pages 277-305, May.
    12. Quiroga Gutierrez, Ana Cecilia, 2024. "Picture this: Making health insurance choices easier for those who need it," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    13. Yong, Jongsay & Elshaug, Adam G & Mendez, Susan J & Prang, Khic-Houy & Scott, Anthony, 2024. "Sources of specialist physician fee variation: Evidence from Australian health insurance claims data," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    14. Feng, Yujie, 2025. "Price transparency in healthcare: Bargaining incentives and patient responses," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Byrne, David P. & Martin, Leslie A., 2021. "Consumer search and income inequality," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    2. Feng, Yujie, 2025. "Price transparency in healthcare: Bargaining incentives and patient responses," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    3. Itai Ater & Oren Rigbi, 2018. "The Effects of Mandatory Disclosure of Supermarket Prices," CESifo Working Paper Series 6942, CESifo.
    4. de Leverano, Adriano & Baulia, Susmita, 2023. "A new indicator to implement effective spending review policies in the public procurement for standardized goods," ZEW Discussion Papers 23-063, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    5. Montag, Felix & Sagimuldina, Alina & Winter, Christoph, 2024. "When does mandatory price disclosure lower prices? Evidence from the German fuel market," Working Papers 344, The University of Chicago Booth School of Business, George J. Stigler Center for the Study of the Economy and the State.
    6. Porter, Robert H., 2020. "Mergers and coordinated effects," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    7. Hanspach, Philip & Sapi, Geza & Wieting, Marcel, 2024. "Algorithms in the marketplace: An empirical analysis of automated pricing in e-commerce," Information Economics and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    8. Friberg, Richard & Halseth, Emil M. S. & Steen, Frode & Ulsaker, Simen A., 2025. "Do Informed Consumers Pay Less? Evidence from a Survey with Linked Grocery Purchase Data," Discussion Paper Series in Economics 15/2025, Norwegian School of Economics, Department of Economics.
    9. Rigbi, Oren, 2017. "The Effects of Mandatory Disclosure of Supermarket Prices," CEPR Discussion Papers 12381, Centre for Economic Policy Research.
    10. Dieter Pennerstorfer & Philipp Schmidt‐Dengler & Nicolas Schutz & Christoph Weiss & Biliana Yontcheva, 2020. "Information And Price Dispersion: Theory And Evidence," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 61(2), pages 871-899, May.
    11. Bongseok Choi & Donghun Kim, 2024. "Does the proliferation of smartphones reduce consumer search costs? The case of the Korean gasoline market," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 38(2), pages 153-176, June.
    12. Genakos, Christos & Roumanias, Costas & Valletti, Tommaso, 2023. "Is having an expert “friend” enough? An analysis of consumer switching behavior in mobile telephony," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 359-372.
    13. Christopher P. Adams, 2025. "Impact of Post and Hold Regulation on Retail Petroleum Prices," Australian Economic Review, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research, vol. 58(2), pages 109-114, June.
    14. Zhang, Xubing & Jiang, Bo, 2014. "Increasing Price Transparency: Implications of Consumer Price Posting for Consumers' Haggling Behavior and a Seller's Pricing Strategies," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 68-85.
    15. Horvath, Marco, 2019. "Germany's market transparency unit for fuels: Fostering collusion or competition?," Ruhr Economic Papers 836, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    16. Korff, Alex, 2021. "Competition on the fast lane: The price structure of homogeneous retail gasoline stations," DICE Discussion Papers 359, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE).
    17. Scott Schuh & Oz Shy & Joanna Stavins & Robert K. Triest, 2011. "An economic analysis of the 2010 proposed settlement between the Department of Justice and credit card networks," Public Policy Discussion Paper 11-4, Federal Reserve Bank of Boston.
    18. Quiroga Gutierrez, Ana Cecilia, 2024. "Picture this: Making health insurance choices easier for those who need it," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    19. Jorge Lemus & Fernando Luco, 2021. "Price Leadership and Uncertainty About Future Costs," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 69(2), pages 305-337, June.
    20. Andreas Freitag & Catherine Roux & Christian Thöni, 2021. "Communication And Market Sharing: An Experiment On The Exchange Of Soft And Hard Information," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 62(1), pages 175-198, February.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:ausecr:v:59:y:2026:i:1:p:119-122. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/mimelau.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.