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Stalled Repatriation of Rohingya Refugees: Diplomatic Hurdles, Regional Politics, and the Path to Sustainable Solutions

Author

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  • Jannatul Ferdous
  • Emrah Atar

Abstract

The Rohingya people have sought refuge in Bangladesh following decades of ethnic and religious persecution in Myanmar. After the mass exodus in August 2017, Bangladesh launched emergency repatriation initiatives. In November 2017, Bangladesh and Myanmar reached a preliminary agreement on repatriation, despite widespread concerns from human rights organisations. This article examines the stalled repatriation of Rohingya refugees by analysing diplomatic challenges, regional geopolitical dynamics, and potential solutions. Using a qualitative approach and secondary sources, the study explores how geopolitical tensions, Myanmarʼs unwillingness to ensure safe returns, and security concerns have blocked progress. These factors have contributed to deteriorating conditions in the refugee camps, including overcrowding, increased crime, and a sharp decline in international aid. The ongoing crisis has exacerbated Bangladesh while economic and security burdens, while regional powers such as China and India continue to prioritise strategic interests over humanitarian responsibilities. Thus, the present study from a policy standpoint advocates for greater diplomatic pressure on Myanmar, stronger regional cooperation, and the development of a comprehensive refugee policy. Furthermore, empowering Rohingya refugees through education and economic opportunities can mitigate security risks while fostering sustainable repatriation models. Additionally, third‐country resettlement and international burden‐sharing must be prioritised to achieve long‐term and dignified solutions.

Suggested Citation

  • Jannatul Ferdous & Emrah Atar, 2025. "Stalled Repatriation of Rohingya Refugees: Diplomatic Hurdles, Regional Politics, and the Path to Sustainable Solutions," Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(3), September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:asiaps:v:12:y:2025:i:3:n:e70037
    DOI: 10.1002/app5.70037
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Emrah Atar & Farhad Hossain & A. K. M. Ahsan Ullah, 2023. "Syrian refugees in Turkey: exploring the role of I/NGOs in refugee crisis," Third World Quarterly, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(2), pages 231-245, February.
    2. Mallik Akram Hossain & A. K. M. Ahsan Ullah & Md. Mohiuddin, 2023. "Rohingya refugees in the pandemic: Crisis and policy responses," Global Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, vol. 14(1), pages 183-191, February.
    3. Abdullah Hossain Mallick, 2020. "Rohingya Refugee Repatriation from Bangladesh: A Far Cry from Reality," Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs, , vol. 7(2), pages 202-226, August.
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