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Carbon disclosure, emission intensity and cost of equity capital: multi‐country evidence

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  • Binh Bui
  • Olayinka Moses
  • Muhammad N. Houqe

Abstract

This study examines the joint effect of carbon disclosure and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on firms’ implied cost of equity capital (COC). Based on 4655 firm‐year observations across 34 countries, we find firms’ GHG emission intensity to be positively associated with COC. However, we find also that the penalty linked with higher COC is moderated by extensive carbon disclosure. We provide evidence that the extent of carbon disclosure helps reduce the premium required by investors to compensate for poor carbon performance. Our study provides insights to policymakers, investors and managers on the combined effect of carbon disclosure, and emission intensity.

Suggested Citation

  • Binh Bui & Olayinka Moses & Muhammad N. Houqe, 2020. "Carbon disclosure, emission intensity and cost of equity capital: multi‐country evidence," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 60(1), pages 47-71, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:acctfi:v:60:y:2020:i:1:p:47-71
    DOI: 10.1111/acfi.12492
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    Cited by:

    1. Liebich Lena & Nöh Lukas & Rutkowski Felix & Schwarz Milena, 2023. "Unconventionally Green: Monetary Policy between Engagement and Conflicting Goals," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 74(1), pages 53-77, April.
    2. Jiang, Yan & Luo, Le & Xu, JianFeng & Shao, XiaoRui, 2021. "The value relevance of corporate voluntary carbon disclosure: Evidence from the United States and BRIC countries," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 17(3).
    3. Janice Hollindale & Pamela Kent & Xin Qu, 2022. "Proprietary costs and the choice of hard and soft greenhouse gas emissions’ disclosure," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(3), pages 3837-3873, September.
    4. Ali Meftah Gerged & Lane Matthews & Mohamed Elheddad, 2021. "Mandatory disclosure, greenhouse gas emissions and the cost of equity capital: UK evidence of a U‐shaped relationship," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(2), pages 908-930, February.
    5. Renato Garzón-Jiménez & Ana Zorio-Grima, 2021. "Effects of Carbon Emissions, Environmental Disclosures and CSR Assurance on Cost of Equity in Emerging Markets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-11, January.
    6. Ryo Aruga & Keiichi Goshima & Takashi Chiba, 2022. "CO2 Emissions and Corporate Performance: Japan's Evidence with Double Machine Learning," IMES Discussion Paper Series 22-E-01, Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, Bank of Japan.
    7. Ayman Hassan Bazhair & Saleh F. A. Khatib & Hamzeh Al Amosh, 2022. "Taking Stock of Carbon Disclosure Research While Looking to the Future: A Systematic Literature Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-24, October.
    8. Siddique, Md Abubakar & Akhtaruzzaman, Md & Rashid, Afzalur & Hammami, Helmi, 2021. "Carbon disclosure, carbon performance and financial performance: International evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    9. Hu, Jun & Long, Wenbin & Dai, Ming & (Troy) Yao, Daifei, 2022. "Does international experience of managers bring financing benefits? Evidence from the cost of equity capital," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(1).
    10. Wilson, Christian & Caldecott, Ben, 2023. "Investigating the role of passive funds in carbon-intensive capital markets: Evidence from U.S. bonds," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    11. Jakub Horak & Petr Suler & Jaroslav Kollmann & Jan Marecek, 2020. "Credit Absorption Capacity of Businesses in the Construction Sector of the Czech Republic—Analysis Based on the Difference in Values of EVA Entity and EVA Equity," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-16, October.
    12. Sylvain Marsat & Guillaume Pijourlet & Muhammad Ullah, 2021. "Is there a trade‐off between environmental performance and financial resilience? International evidence from the subprime crisis," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(3), pages 4061-4084, September.
    13. Yang, Ann Shawing & Yulianto, Fritz Andryan, 2022. "Cost of equity and corporate social responsibility for environmental sensitive industries: Evidence from international pharmaceutical and chemical firms," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 47(PA).
    14. Shen, Hongtao & Yang, Qing & Luo, Le & Huang, Nan, 2023. "Market reactions to a cross-border carbon policy: Evidence from listed Chinese companies," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 55(1).
    15. Binh Bui & Muhammad Nurul Houqe & Mahbub Zaman, 2021. "Climate change mitigation: Carbon assurance and reporting integrity," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(8), pages 3839-3853, December.
    16. Donato Morea & Elisa Gebennini & Andrea Mazzitelli & Maria Simona Andreano & Gianpaolo Basile & Gandolfo Dominici, 2021. "New Challenges for Sustainable Organizations in Light of Agenda 2030 for Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-3, February.
    17. Liebich, Lena & Nöh, Lukas & Rutkowski, Felix Joachim & Schwarz, Milena, 2021. "Unconventionally green: A monetary policy between engagement and conflicting goals," Working Papers 05/2021, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
    18. Di Gao & Yuan Zhao & Jiangming Ma, 2023. "How Does Supply Chain Information Disclosure Relate to Corporate Investment Efficiency? Evidence from Chinese-Listed Companies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-22, April.
    19. Giovanni Zampone & Isabel‐María García‐Sánchez & Giuseppe Sannino, 2023. "Imitation is the sincerest form of institutionalization: Understanding the effects of imitation and competitive pressures on the reporting of sustainable development goals in an international context," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(7), pages 4119-4142, November.
    20. Mohammed S. Albarrak & Ngan Duong Cao & Aly Salama & Abdullah A. Aljughaiman, 2023. "Twitter carbon information and cost of equity: the moderating role of environmental performance," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 13(3), pages 693-718, September.
    21. Kabir, Md Nurul & Rahman, Sohanur & Rahman, Md Arifur & Anwar, Mumtaheena, 2021. "Carbon emissions and default risk: International evidence from firm-level data," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 103(C).
    22. Qingxia (Jenny) Wang, 2023. "Financial effects of carbon risk and carbon disclosure: A review," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(4), pages 4175-4219, December.
    23. Atiqa Rehman & Halit Gonenc & Niels Hermes, 2023. "Carbon disclosure policy, external financing needs and the cost of capital: Does financial market quality matter?," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(8), pages 5854-5872, December.

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