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The factors triggering the sovereign crisis and their impact on sovereign CDS spreads

Author

Listed:
  • Samah EL-CHEIKH

    (Université Côte d'Azur- Nice. France)

  • Rafik ALIOUAT

    (University of Boumerdes, Algeria)

Abstract

This paper attempts to identify the factors behind the sovereign default risk, as measured by sovereign CDS spreads. By analyzing monthly data from January 2007 to September 2015 using instrumental variable approach, we find that European sovereign default risk is partly a response to a macroeconomic environment characterized by poor fiscal policies and deteriorating economic factors. Specifically, higher unemployment rate, debt levels and lower current account balances have increased the sovereign CDS spreads. These results do not allow us to reject the hypothesis that the sovereign default was driven by weak economic fundamentals. But the relative importance of these factors changes over time and group of countries. The presence and absence of Greece have played a key role in the developments of the spreads in the euro area countries. The rating downgrades in Greece and the higher European risk aversion had contributed to a significant rise in the CDS spreads of euro and non euro area countries. Our VECM analysis does suggest direct spillovers from Greece to Euro area periphery via non fundamental channels. Finally, our results suggest that the emergence of the debt crisis was caused by weak fundamentals but has also a self-fulfilling character. Cet article tente d'identifier les facteurs à l'origine du risque de défaut souverain, tel que mesuré par les spreads de CDS souverains. En analysant les données mensuelles de janvier 2007 à septembre 2015, nous constatons que le risque de défaut souverain européen répond en partie à un environnement macroéconomique caractérisé par de mauvaises politiques budgétaires et une détérioration des facteurs économiques. Plus précisément, la hausse du taux de chômage, le niveau d'endettement et la réduction des soldes de la balance courante ont accru les spreads des CDS souverains. Ces résultats ne permettent pas de rejeter l’hypothèse selon laquelle le défaut souverain a été motivé par des fondamentaux économiques faibles. Mais notre analyse montre que l'importance relative de ces facteurs change avec le temps et le groupe de pays. La présence et l'absence de la Grèce ont joué un rôle clé dans l'évolution des spreads dans les pays de la zone euro. Notre analyse suggère ainsi que la dégradation des notations en Grèce et l'aversion accrue pour le risque de la part des Européens ont contribué à une augmentation significative des spreads de CDS des pays de la zone euro et des autres pays. Enfin, nos résultats suggèrent que l'émergence de la crise de la dette a été causée par des fondamentaux faibles mais a aussi un caractère auto-réalisateur.

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Handle: RePEc:bjm:ijep00:v:3:y:2020:i:02:id:202
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