IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bjf/journl/v11y2026i3p468-482.html

Corrosion Inhibition and Sustainable Waste Management: Evaluating the Potential of Expired Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Steel Protection

Author

Listed:
  • Suleiman Bulama

    (Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi P.M.B 0248 Bauchi State)

  • Alhaji M. Kolo

    (Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi P.M.B 0248 Bauchi State)

  • Istafinus. Y. Chindo

    (Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi P.M.B 0248 Bauchi State)

  • Auwal. A. Mahmoud

    (Department of Chemistry Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi P.M.B 0248 Bauchi State)

  • Dahiru Ibrahim

    (Nigerian Army University Biu No. 1 Gombe Road, P.M.B 1500 Biu, Borno State)

Abstract

This study investigated the potential of expired Lopinavir-Ritonavir (LPV-RTV) co-formulated antiretroviral drug, a pharmaceutical waste product, as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel. The corrosion inhibition efficiency of expired LPV-RTV was evaluated through three complementary methods: weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results demonstrated that expired LPV-RTV significantly enhanced the corrosion resistance of mild steel, achieving maximum inhibition efficiencies of 95.7% by weight loss and 93.0% by PDP. SEM-EDX analysis of the steel surfaces revealed the formation of a protective layer, further supporting the corrosion inhibition mechanism. These findings highlight the effectiveness of expired LPV-RTV as an efficient, eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor. The study also emphasizes the potential of utilizing expired pharmaceuticals for sustainable resource recovery, offering a viable solution for both pharmaceutical waste reduction and industrial corrosion control.

Suggested Citation

  • Suleiman Bulama & Alhaji M. Kolo & Istafinus. Y. Chindo & Auwal. A. Mahmoud & Dahiru Ibrahim, 2026. "Corrosion Inhibition and Sustainable Waste Management: Evaluating the Potential of Expired Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Steel Protection," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), vol. 11(3), pages 468-482, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:bjf:journl:v:11:y:2026:i:3:p:468-482
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/uploads/vol11-iss3-pg468-482-202604_pdf.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/view/corrosion-inhibition-and-sustainable-waste-management-evaluating-the-potential-of-expired-lopinavir-ritonavir-in-steel-protection/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bjf:journl:v:11:y:2026:i:3:p:468-482. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    We have no bibliographic references for this item. You can help adding them by using this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Dr. Renu Malsaria (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijrias/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.