Seed Cycling and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): An Integrative Nutrition Perspective

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women of reproductive age, characterized by menstrual irregularities, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and metabolic dysfunction. Despite pharmacological interventions being widely available, many women seek alternative or complementary therapies to manage symptoms naturally. Seed cycling, an emerging dietary trend, involves consuming specific seeds—flax, pumpkin, sesame, and sunflower—during different phases of the menstrual cycle to support hormonal balance. This review aims to explore the scientific rationale, bioactive composition, physiological mechanisms, and clinical evidence of seed cycling in PCOS management. Emphasis is placed on understanding how seed bioactives influence estrogen–progesterone balance, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, and reproductive function. The review concludes that although individual seeds exhibit promising biochemical and clinical benefits, evidence directly supporting the cyclical approach remains limited. More randomized controlled trials are warranted to validate seed cycling as an evidence-based dietary intervention for PCOS.