Investigating the Solar Modulation of Cosmic Ray Intensity During Solar Cycles 23 and 24: A Correlative Analysis of Solar Activity and Cosmic Ray Dynamics

The study examines the relationship between solar activity and cosmic ray intensity (CRI) during Solar Cycles 23 and 24. Data on solar parameters sunspot numbers (RZ), solar flares, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were obtained from reliable sources, while CRI data were collected from neutron monitor stations across high, middle, and low latitudes. Statistical analysis, including cross-correlation and lag analysis, revealed a strong inverse correlation between solar activity and CRI. Key findings indicate that as solar activity increases, characterized by higher RZ, solar flares, and major CMEs, CRI decreases significantly due to the enhanced solar magnetic field and solar wind deflecting cosmic rays. CMEs were identified as the most influential factor, demonstrating the strongest negative correlation with CRI across all latitudes. The study highlights the Sun’s magnetic activity as a critical modulator of cosmic radiation, particularly during solar maxima, and provides insights into the solar modulation of cosmic rays. These results align with established theories on solar influence on space weather and contribute to the understanding of cosmic ray dynamics and their implications for Earth’s atmospheric conditions and space exploration.