Evaluation of Heavy Metals Concentrations in Coastal Area of Mbo LGA, Akwa Ibom State

The study assessed heavy metal concentrations in surface water samples from coastal regions of Mbo in Akwa Ibom State as a result of human activities posing health risks to aquatic organisms and people. Ten sampling sites were randomly selected across the region, with samples collected from streams and rivers during dry and wet seasons. GPS coordinates were recorded, and atomic absorption spectroscopy analyzed eight heavy metals. Results were compared with WHO permissible levels. Cadmium levels exceeded WHO limits, ranging from 0.58-0.96 (dry season) and 0.008-0.082 (wet season). Zinc ranged from 0.208-0.461 (dry) and 0.204-0.460 (wet). Lead was between >0.001-0.018 (dry) and >0.001-0.014 (wet). Manganese varied from >0.001-0.849 (dry) to >0.001-1.412 (wet). Iron ranged from 0.148-2.425 (dry) to 0.142-2.42 (wet) all in mg/dl. Cadmium, zinc, manganese, iron, and nickel levels surpassed WHO standards, with lead exceeding in two sampling points. Cobalt and copper were below WHO levels. Cadmium, manganese, zinc, iron, and nickel concentrations were elevated in coastal water samples, posing health risks to residents relying on these sources. Further research is needed to comprehensively assess water quality and mitigate pollution impact.