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Characterization of Produced Water from Hydrocarbon Terminals

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  • Ikebude, Chiedozie Francis

    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria)

  • Orji, Gloria Chigenem

    (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B 5323 Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria)

Abstract

Produced water is the largest volume of waste generated during oil and gas production. It contains a complex mixture of organic and inorganic contaminants, including hydrocarbons, salts, and heavy metals, which pose significant risks to environmental and public health. This study focused on the characterization of produced water from three hydrocarbon terminals in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Samples were collected and analyzed to determine physical, chemical, and heavy metal parameters, including pH, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BODâ‚…), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total oil and grease (TOG), and heavy metals such as lead, mercury, and cadmium. A freshwater sample was used as a control. Analytical methods included gravimetric analysis, titrimetric procedures, spectrophotometry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA, was applied to evaluate spatial variations and significance across sample sites.

Suggested Citation

  • Ikebude, Chiedozie Francis & Orji, Gloria Chigenem, 2025. "Characterization of Produced Water from Hydrocarbon Terminals," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Applied Science (IJRIAS), vol. 10(7), pages 754-772, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:bjf:journl:v:10:y:2025:i:7:p:754-772
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