Mathematical Modeling of the Biomass Waste to Energy Conversion Technology

This paper presents a mathematical modeling framework for a biomass waste-to-energy conversion technology, focusing on the anaerobic digestion of manure to produce biogas. The core of the model is the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1), which simulates the biochemical conversion processes within the digester. The ADM1 model was adapted to dairy manure by modifying its kinetic parameters, allowing for accurate prediction of biogas production based on waste characteristics such as chemical composition, dry matter content, and organic fractions. The biogas output is subsequently used to generate electricity and heat through a technology comprising an internal combustion engine, an induction generator, a heat exchanger, and a dual-fuel boiler. Each component is mathematically modeled to estimate performance outputs, including torque, electric power, and thermal energy. The integration of these models enables a detailed energy balance analysis and supports technology optimization. Limitations of the current model include assumptions of steady-state operation and limited adaptability to varied waste streams. Future research will focus on improving model flexibility, incorporating dynamic behaviors, and enhancing real-time control capabilities for broader application in waste-to-energy technology.