Insecticide Resistance and Genetic Polymorphism of Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera Frugiperda) From Nashik District, Maharashtra, India

Background The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) has become a significant agricultural threat in India, particularly impacting maize crops. This pest, known for its adaptability and broad host range, has rapidly spread, causing extensive damage to various crops. Farmers have largely depended on chemical insecticides to control their population, raising concerns about the emergence of insecticide resistance due to excessive use. Methodology This study investigates insecticide resistance levels and genetic variability in fall armyworm populations in Nashik District, Maharashtra. Bioassays were conducted to assess the susceptibility of these populations to widely used insecticides, such as pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, and Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) formulations. Result The results revealed substantial differences in resistance levels, with some populations exhibiting heightened tolerance, particularly to pyrethroids and neonicotinoids. In addition to bioassays, molecular markers examined genetic diversity, revealing considerable variation among the populations. This genetic polymorphism, particularly in resistance-associated markers, suggests that fall armyworm populations are evolving resistance over time. The correlation between genetic diversity and resistance highlights the pest’s adaptive capacity, complicating pest management efforts. The study emphasizes the need to shift toward Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies that combine biological control, cultural practices, and resistant crop varieties to reduce reliance on chemical insecticides. Such approaches could slow resistance development and mitigate environmental impacts. In conclusion, this research provides crucial insights into the genetic and resistance dynamics of fall armyworm populations, underscoring the importance of sustainable pest management strategies to maintain agricultural productivity.