Preparation and Characterization of Magnetite Nanoparticle and Biochar from Unripe Banana Peels from Biara in River State, Nigeria

In this study magnetite nanoparticle and biochar (adsorbents) were produced and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR). Results from FTIR revealed the presence of OH functional group which enhanced absorption. TEM micrograph of the biochars were agglomerated and spherical while magnetite nanoparticles were agglomerated, partially spherical, cubic shape and have an amorphous structure at 50 nm with the inclusion of its properties aids absorption of pollutants. SEM morphology of the surface adsorbent have pores, cracks, holes which are expected to enhance adsorption at 10 nm in a higher magnification (2000 X). The SEM images of the iron size nanoparticle had a rod shape morphology and also were agglomerated due to its magnetic properties which matched with EDS and XRD data. The shape of the nanoparticles prepared by decantation differs from those prepared from filtration. The XRD Powder for the adsorbents were similar to that of graphite. The peaks denote the formation of a crystalline carbonaceous structure. The average particle size of the adsorbents at 11 nm confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticles were nanocrystalline in nature. Therefore, these adsorbents are recommended for the remediation of polluted soils due to their properties which will enhanced absorption