Assessing the Causes and Impacts of Herdsmen-Farmers’ Conflict on Food Security in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Herder–farmer conflict has become a major threat to agricultural production and food security in Nigeria. This study assessed the causes and impacts of the herder–farmer conflict on food security in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A mixed-methods design was adopted, integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected through 600 structured questionnaires, of which 540 were retrieved, and through five Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with key stakeholders. Quantitative data were analysed in SPSS using descriptive statistics and Chi-square analysis, while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed that competition over land and other natural resources, socio-cultural differences, and weak institutional responses were the major drivers of the conflict. The conflict significantly reduced agricultural production, displaced farming households, increased food shortages and food prices, and limited household access to food, thereby undermining food security. Guided by Resource Scarcity Theory, Social Identity Theory, and Human Security Theory, the study concludes that sustainable solutions require community-based conflict resolution, sustainable land-use management, climate adaptation, agricultural resilience, and strengthened institutional collaboration. These measures are essential for promoting peaceful coexistence and improving food security in conflict-affected communities