Spatial Distribution, Physical Condition, and Governance Challenges of Urban Parks and Gardens in Abuja, Nigeria

Urban parks and gardens are essential components of urban green infrastructure, contributing to environmental sustainability, recreation, and improved quality of life. This study assessed the spatial distribution, physical condition, development factors, management challenges, and institutional governance of parks and gardens in Wuse and Maitama Districts of Abuja, Nigeria. A mixed-methods approach involving Geographic Information System (GIS) mapping, field observations, questionnaire surveys, Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis, and key informant interviews was employed. Data were collected from 384 respondents, while all identified parks and gardens were subjected to physical assessment. The study identified 13 public parks and gardens covering a total area of 177.78 ha. Wuse District contained 69.2% (9) of the facilities, whereas Maitama accounted for 73.8% (131.21 ha) of the total green space area. The IBB Golf Course (95.37 ha) and Millennium Park (24.80 ha) together represented 67.6% of total green space coverage. Physical condition scores ranged from 2.91 to 4.91, with 30.8% of facilities rated Very Good, 46.2% Good, and 23.0% Fair. Funding availability (RII = 0.872) and maintenance funding (RII = 0.865) were identified as the most significant factors influencing park development and management, respectively. The study concludes that despite an extensive green space network, governance, funding, and institutional coordination challenges constrain sustainable park management. Strengthening funding mechanisms, institutional capacity, and monitoring systems is essential for improving urban green infrastructure sustainability in Abuja.