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Adsorption Kinetics and Performance of Methylene Blue onto Alkali-Treated Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar

Author

Listed:
  • Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang, Malaysia.)

  • Muhammad Adam Jefni

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang, Malaysia.)

  • Nadhirah Wirizil Karai

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang, Malaysia.)

  • Khairunnajma Mohd Shafiee

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang, Malaysia.)

  • Nor Fadilah Mohamad

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang, Malaysia.)

  • Wan Nur Fazlina Abdol Jani

    (Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang, Malaysia.)

Abstract

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB), an abundant agricultural byproduct, was utilized to synthesize an effective biochar adsorbent via NaOH pretreatment and muffle furnace pyrolysis at 500 °C for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. Surface characterization using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Elemental Analysis (EA) confirmed significant structural transformations, including increased carbonization and the development of a well-defined porous network. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated rapid adsorption kinetics, achieving an equilibrium dye removal efficiency of approximately 95% within 30 min with an equilibrium capacity (qe) of 14.5584 mg/g. Kinetic modelling revealed that the adsorption process strongly followed the pseudo-second-order model (R2=0.9997, k2=0.0676 g/mg.min) significantly outperforming the Langmuir (R2=0.1806) and Lagergren pseudo-first order (R2= 0.3713). These results confirm that chemisorption involving electron sharing or exchange between MB molecules and biochar surface active sites is the dominant rate-controlling mechanism10. This study demonstrates the potential of value-added sugarcane bagasse biochar as a sustainable and cost-effective material for industrial dye wastewater remediation.

Suggested Citation

  • Noor Hidayu Abdul Rani & Muhammad Adam Jefni & Nadhirah Wirizil Karai & Khairunnajma Mohd Shafiee & Nor Fadilah Mohamad & Wan Nur Fazlina Abdol Jani, 2026. "Adsorption Kinetics and Performance of Methylene Blue onto Alkali-Treated Sugarcane Bagasse Biochar," International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, RSIS International, vol. 15(9), pages 122-130, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:bjf:ijltem:v:15:y:2026:i:9:a:362
    DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2026.150900011
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