Adaptive Landscape Design: Evaluation of Flexibility of Outdoor Spaces That Respond to Climate Change in Caleb University

There is substantial scientific evidence that global climate change is intensifying environmental challenges, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria, where rising temperatures, extreme rainfall, and heat stress increasingly affect the usability of outdoor environments. Despite growing discourse on sustainable design, a research gap remains in evaluating the flexibility and responsiveness of campus outdoor spaces to climate variability, especially within private university settings. This study aims to assess adaptive landscape design strategies by evaluating the flexibility of outdoor spaces in responding to climate change, using Caleb University as a case study. The objectives are to examine the current performance of outdoor spaces under changing climatic conditions, identify design limitations affecting user comfort and interaction, and propose adaptive landscape interventions that enhance resilience and usability. The study adopts a quantitative research methodology, utilizing structured online survey questionnaires administered to students, teaching staff, non-teaching staff, and visitors, with findings analyzed to determine the level of adaptability and inform climate-responsive landscape planning strategies.