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Effect of Acid Types, Acid Concentration and Time on 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) Production

Author

Listed:
  • Adewumi, Chizoma Nwakego

    (Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Veritas University, Abuja, Nigeria.)

  • Achugasim, Ozioma

    (Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt. Nigeria.)

  • Ogali, Regina Enyidiya

    (Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt. Nigeria.)

  • Akaranta Onyewuchi

    (Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, University of Port Harcourt. Nigeria.)

Abstract

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) is a vital renewable organic compound found useful as a platform chemical in bio-refining, polymer precursors and other chemical intermediates. HMF is produced via acid-catalyzed dehydration of diverse carbohydrates. The study aimed to investigate the effect of different acid types: sulphuric (H2SO4), hydrochloric (HCl) and nitric (HNO3), at acid concentrations (0.25-0.75 moldm-3) and time (15-60 minutes) on HMF production. UV-Visible spectrophotometric and high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) were the two analytical techniques employed to evaluate HMF production in all conditions of analysis. It was observed that the catalytic action of the acids towards HMF formation is in the following decreasing trend HCl > HNO3 > H2SO4. The highest HMF produced (0.255 mg/l) was achieved at 0.75 moldm-3 HCl at 60 minutes hydrolysis time. Increasing acid concentration and time was found to increase HMF production with HCl. However, the yield decreased after 45 minutes hydrolysis time for HNO3 and H2SO4 hydrolyzed samples. Therefore, the knowledge obtained from this work will help in designing HMF production process for optimum industrial production.

Suggested Citation

  • Adewumi, Chizoma Nwakego & Achugasim, Ozioma & Ogali, Regina Enyidiya & Akaranta Onyewuchi, 2025. "Effect of Acid Types, Acid Concentration and Time on 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) Production," International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering, Management & Applied Science, RSIS International, vol. 14(8), pages 71-78, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:bjf:ijltem:v:14:y:2025:i:8:a:1586
    DOI: 10.51583/IJLTEMAS.2025.1408000010
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