Optimizing Building Envelope Design for Cooling Loads Reduction in Abuja

The increasing global urban population and its accompanying increase in energy demands have intensified the need for energy-efficient building designs, particularly in tropical climates like Abuja. This study explores optimizing building envelope components—insulation, high-performance glazing, and green roofs—to mitigate cooling loads and enhance energy efficiency. A theoretical review methodology was employed, synthesizing recent literature to assess the thermal performance of envelope systems. Findings reveal that improvements in insulation, advanced glazing technologies, and green roof integration can significantly reduce cooling energy consumption while promoting sustainability. The study provides practical insights for architects, engineers, and policymakers aiming to achieve thermal comfort and energy efficiency in Abuja’s hot climate.