Understanding the World through Inquiry: The Role of Research in Political Science

Political science research plays an essential role in shaping democratic governance by generating knowledge, guiding institutional accountability, and informing evidence-based policy-making. However, much of the discipline’s research remains conceptually abstract and detached from the urgent challenges confronting political institutions today. This study seeks to reframe political science research as a proactive tool for diagnosing institutional weaknesses and enhancing democratic resilience. The central research question explored is: How can political science research be more effectively reoriented to promote institutional accountability and address real-world governance problems? To answer this, the study reviews foundational theoretical paradigms- positivism, constructivism, critical theory, institutionalism, and behavioralism, and examines how they shape research inquiry and policy relevance. The article also draws on illustrative case examples in areas such as climate governance, electoral reform, and conflict resolution. Methodologically, the study emphasizes the strategic application of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods approaches to ensure rigorous, reliable, and context-sensitive findings. It underscores the value of methodological pluralism in capturing complex political dynamics, and the role of research in advancing transparency, civic engagement, and responsive governance.