Imposter Syndrome: Worth Your While

The impostor phenomenon (IP), characterized by persistent self-doubt and fear of being exposed as a fraud despite objective success, is prevalent among high-achieving individuals, particularly medical trainees. This review examines IP in psychiatry residents and medical professionals, with a focus on its neurobiological basis, socio-cultural determinants in India, and implications for mental health and career progression. Global and Indian studies indicate IP prevalence of 20–50% among medical trainees, with rates as high as 86% among Indian medical interns. We propose that IP results from an interplay of amygdala-mediated anxiety, prefrontal cortex dysregulation, and socio-cultural factors, including India’s collectivist culture, gender norms, and caste dynamics. Assessment tools, such as the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale, and interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and institutional mentorship, are evaluated. Although not a formal psychiatric diagnosis, IP’s associations with anxiety, depression, and burnout highlight its clinical significance. We advocate for integrated individual and systemic strategies to mitigate IP, emphasizing culturally tailored approaches for Indian medical education and identifying research gaps to foster resilience among mental health professionals.