Social Factors Influencing 1st Line Anti-Retroviral Treatment (ART) Adherence and National Development among Opportunistic Infectious Clinic (OIC) Patients in Harare

This study examines social factors affecting adherence to first-line Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) and national development among patients in Harare’s Opportunistic Infectious Clinic (OIC). Using a mixed-methods approach, which combines surveys and interviews, the study identifies stigma, lack of social support, and disclosure concerns as major barriers to adherence. Interventions like peer support groups and stigma reduction programs effectively improve adherence. Since ART adherence improves public health, enhances workforce productivity, and reduces healthcare costs, it plays a crucial role in national development by strengthening economic stability and social well-being. Interventions such as peer support groups and stigma reduction programs have been found effective in improving adherence. Recommendations included targeted interventions, peer support networks, and enhanced family communication to bolster adherence rates among OIC patients. Policymakers and healthcare providers should implement stigma reduction campaigns, integrate psychosocial support into routine HIV care, and strengthen partnerships between healthcare facilities and community organizations to improve adherence and treatment outcomes.