Improved CSP Efficiency: Innovations and Challenges in Thermal Energy Storage Systems

This review article examines the current state and future prospects of systems for storing thermal energy in concentrated solar power (CSP) plants. CSP technology has drawn a lot of interest as a renewable energy source, but its intermittent nature necessitates efficient energy storage solutions. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of various TES technologies, including thermochemical, latent, and sensible storage methods, analyzing their performance, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Key challenges such as material degradation, heat transfer efficiency, and system integration are discussed. Recent advancements in novel storage materials, heat transfer fluids, and system designs are evaluated, with a focus on their potential to enhance overall plant efficiency and reduce levelized cost of electricity. The review also explores emerging trends, such as high-temperature storage systems and hybrid configurations, assessing their potential impact on the future of CSP technology. Finally, the paper identifies critical research gaps and provides recommendations for future developments to improve the viability and competitiveness of CSP plants with integrated systems for TES.